PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Introduction

In public health, the structural and systematic planning of the healthcare projects are important to be considered as it offers clarified vision and mission to be followed in achieving the goals of the project. In this study, the planning and implementation model that is PRECEDE-PROCEED Model is to be analysed to determine the way it helps in healthcare planning. Moreover, the stakeholders to be involved in care planning regarding diabetes along with care quality and importance of care commission of diabetes-related healthcare project is to be explained.

Main Body

The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model is referred to a comprehensive structure used for examining the health needs to design, implement and evaluate the health promotion and other related public health programs for people in need of the care (Nomura et al., 2019). The social assessment is the stage that determines the social problems and requirement of a certain population regarding the health issue for identifying desired results for them (Azar et al., 2017). For example, in DESMOND, which is a structured diabetes education program, it is seen that the NHS officials mentioned making social assessment of diabetes patients in understanding their needs and demands regarding the health issue in the community as well as in family environment. This is because it leads the officials to understand the perception regarding diabetes present in the society and the reason behind it being a key social health issue along with factors responsible for suffering of the diabetic people from availing effective care in the society (diabetes.co.uk, 2019).

The ecological assessment helps in analysing the environmental and behavioural determinants which predispose, reinforces and allows the current lifestyle and behaviour to be showcased by the people suffering from any health issue (Cereda et al., 2020). For example, in DESMOND, it is seen that the NHS officials in planning the program focused on understanding and identifying the key environmental and behavioural determinants responsible for increased prevalence of diabetes among people. On the basis of the information, NHS officials are seen to accordingly plan the resources to be present to ensure effective education and positive lifestyle through the program for the people suffering from diabetes (diabetes.co.uk, 2019). The implementation of interventions is matched through the PRECEDE phase of the plan with the health issue to encourage desired and expected health changes and improvement in patients and public (Bridges et al., 2018). For example, in DESMOND, NHS officials planned the implementation of education regarding use of regular sugar check meter that can help diabetic people to regularly monitor and check their blood sugar level to keep it stabilised. This matches to enhance diabetic condition of people as through the action the diabetic people can determine when their sugar levels are fluctuating, in turn, taking actions to keep it controlled.

The general kinds of partners and stakeholders often present in the public healthcare programme are partners of care delivery, healthcare commissioners, nurses, funders and others (Kurth, 2017). For example, in DESMOND (Diabetes Education and Self-Management for Ongoing and Newly Diagnosed), the stakeholders involved are the physicians, nurses, health commissioners and others (diabetes.co.uk, 2019). In public health program, the role of the health commissioner is to plan, supervise and control the different aspects and department of the program for its enhanced execution to meet the goals of care (Nixon et al., 2018). This is evident as the healthcare commissioners from the NHS who are involved in the DESMOND were seen to play the similar role of managing and supervising the effective execution of the program (diabetes.co.uk, 2019). However, failure of the role of healthcare commissioner is seen to lead the health programs been executed in unsystematic manner that causes the program unable to reach its goals to ensure better health of the public (Kurth, 2017). The physicians and nurses in healthcare program have the role to communicate with the service users to inform them about the do’s and don’ts to be performed to remain healthy and effectively control health complications (El-Hanafy, 2018).

The quality in healthcare is providing care support to patients by following the care standards mentioned in the NMC Code of Practise in affordable and enhanced manner (Dewa et al., 2017). For instance, Donabedian Quality model informs that quality in healthcare is achieved where there are effective structural measures, systematic and standard processes care process is followed and effect of the healthcare created enhanced health outcome for the patients (Santry et al., 2020). The importance of quality in healthcare is that it increases patient’s satisfaction towards care, improve reputation of health professionals and organisation, creates improved health outcome for patients and others (Salyers et al., 2017). In quality healthcare, the commissioning is essential which is the process of assessing the needs of care, prioritisation and planning of care principles, purchase and monitoring of healthcare services to access best and quality health outcomes (Kaba and Barnes, 2019).

The value of communication in healthcare is that it helps in commissioning and marketing of healthcare programs. This is because communication helps to interact with the community to understand their needs regarding health issues and empower them with information regarding the need to participate in the program as well as achieving effective marketing through direct information sharing about the program with the people in the community (Tulsky et al., 2017). The success of health program depends on effective teamwork as it helps in compiling different enhanced ideas from team members, include expert team members in playing specific roles and develop collaborative working environment where minimum adversities are faced due to development of collaborative solution and process to work (Smith et al., 2018). The factors responsible for creating effective teamwork are communication, efficiency, delegation of roles, enhanced support and implication of varied ideas without discrimination (Soukup et al., 2018).

Conclusion

The above discussion concludes that value of use of PRECEDE-PROCEED model in supporting deign and delivery of health promotion project is that PRECEDE helps in structing the public healthcare plan and PROCEED informs the structure to be followed for implementing and examining the public health program. Moreover, the Donabedian quality model is valued in delivery of health promotion as it informs the way quality standards in the promotion are to be followed for enhanced outcome of the patient.

Dig deeper into Physiological Impact of Joint Mobilisation in Athletes with our selection of articles.

References

Azar, F.E., Solhi, M., Nejhaddadgar, N. and Amani, F., 2017. The effect of intervention using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model based on quality of life in diabetic patients. Electronic physician, 9(8), p.5024.

Bridges, L.S., Sharma, M., Lee, J.H.S., Bennett, R., Buxbaum, S.G. and Reese-Smith, J., 2018. Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for an online peer-to-peer suicide prevention and awareness for depression (SPAD) intervention among African American college students: experimental study. Health promotion perspectives, 8(1), p.15.

Cereda, D., Federici, A., Guarino, A., Serantoni, G., Coppola, L., Lemma, P. and Rossi, P.G., 2020. Development and first application of an audit system for screening programs based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model: an experience with breast cancer screening in the region of Lombardy (Italy). BMC public health, 20(1), pp.1-11.

Dewa, C.S., Loong, D., Bonato, S. and Trojanowski, L., 2017. The relationship between physician burnout and quality of healthcare in terms of safety and acceptability: a systematic review. BMJ open, 7(6), p.e015141.

diabetes.co.uk 2019, Newly Diagnosed with Diabetes, Available at: https://www.diabetes.co.uk/newly-diagnosed.html [Accessed on:3 February 2021]

El-Hanafy, E.Y., 2018. Nurse physician work-related relationship as perceived by both of them. Egyptian Nursing Journal, 15(2), p.188.

Kaba, A. and Barnes, S., 2019. Commissioning simulations to test new healthcare facilities: a proactive and innovative approach to healthcare system safety. Advances in Simulation, 4(1), p.17.

Kurth, A.E., 2017. Planetary health and the role of nursing: A call to action. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49(6), pp.598-605.

Nixon, S.A., Lee, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Blanchard, J., Haddad, S., Hoffman, S.J. and Tugwell, P., 2018. Canada's global health role: supporting equity and global citizenship as a middle power. The Lancet, 391(10131), pp.1736-1748.

Nomura, Y., Matsuyama, T., Fukai, K., Okada, A., Ida, M., Yamauchi, N., Hanamura, H., Yabuki, Y., Watanabe, K., Sugawara, M. and Imanishi, Y., 2019. PRECEDE-PROCEED model based questionnaire and saliva tests for oral health checkup in adult. Journal of oral science, 61(4), pp.544-548.

Salyers, M.P., Bonfils, K.A., Luther, L., Firmin, R.L., White, D.A., Adams, E.L. and Rollins, A.L., 2017. The relationship between professional burnout and quality and safety in healthcare: a meta-analysis. Journal of general internal medicine, 32(4), pp.475-482.

Santry, H.P., Strassels, S.A., Ingraham, A.M., Oslock, W.M., Ricci, K.B., Paredes, A.Z., Heh, V.K., Baselice, H.E., Rushing, A.P., Diaz, A. and Daniel, V.T., 2020. Identifying the fundamental structures and processes of care contributing to emergency general surgery quality using a mixed-methods Donabedian approach. BMC medical research methodology, 20(1), pp.1-19.

Smith, C.D., Balatbat, C., Corbridge, S., Dopp, A.L., Fried, J., Harter, R., Landefeld, S., Martin, C.Y., Opelka, F., Sandy, L. and Sato, L., 2018. Implementing optimal team-based care to reduce clinician burnout. NAM Perspectives.pp.89-123.

Soukup, T., Lamb, B.W., Arora, S., Darzi, A., Sevdalis, N. and Green, J.S., 2018. Successful strategies in implementing a multidisciplinary team working in the care of patients with cancer: an overview and synthesis of the available literature. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 11, p.49.

Tulsky, J.A., Beach, M.C., Butow, P.N., Hickman, S.E., Mack, J.W., Morrison, R.S., Street, R.L., Sudore, R.L., White, D.B. and Pollak, K.I., 2017. A research agenda for communication between health care professionals and patients living with serious illness. JAMA internal medicine, 177(9), pp.1361-1366.