Analyzing Participant Characteristics and Motivational Factors

Descriptive Statistics

Table 1 and Figure 1 show the participation of the respondents in the survey on the basis of gender. As per Table 1 and Figure 1, there were 47 male participants and 53 female participants. That is, 47 percent of the participants were male, and 53 percent of the participants were female. This shows that there was not much difference in the participants on the basis of gender. For those seeking deeper insights into gender dynamics, social work dissertation help can offer valuable resources and support.

Table 2 and Figure 2 show the ethnic group to which the participants belong. As per the Table 2 and Figure 2, the majority of the participants were either White British or White Other. To be specific, 37 participants belong to White British and White Other ethnic group, followed by 7 Mixed Race, 6 White Irish, 4 Black Other, 3 Black Caribbean, 2 Indian and Chinese and 1 Pakistani and Black African.

Table 3 and Figure 3 show the age group to which the participants belong. As per the Table 3 and Figure 3, highest numbers of participants were aged between 25 and 34 followed by age group 35-44, 45-55, 18-24 and 55-64. This shows that the majority of the participants were middle-aged.

Composite Variable

All the four variables, that is, Helping, Emotion, Altruism and Anonymous resulted from the addition of composite scores of respective items which were ordinal scale items measured on Five Point Likert Scale. The Helping variable consists of 20 items; Emotion variable consists of 4 items, Altruism variable consists of 5 items and Anonymous variable consists of 5 items. Thus, the value of Helping ranges between 20 and 100, where 20 meaning least helping and 100 meaning most helping. The value of Emotion ranges between 4 and 20, therefore, 4 means least emotional and 20 meaning highly emotional. Further, the value of Altruism ranges between 5 and 25. However, since this variable is reverse scale, therefore, 5 meaning least altruism and 25 meaning highly altruism. Finally, the value of Anonymous ranges between 5 and 25, where 5 meaning least anonymous and 25 meaning highly anonymous.

Table 4 shows the descriptive statistics for all the four main variables used for the analysis. The descriptive values for Helping, Emotion and Altruism are based on responses from 100 respondents, whereas the descriptive values of Anonymous are based on the responses of 98 respondents. As per the table, the mean value for Helping variable comes to 71.53 shows that people believe in helping other. Further, the mean value for Emotion comes out to be 12 showing that people are neither highly emotional nor least emotional. The mean value for Altruism comes to be 21.75 showing that people have high Altruism attitude, that is, people are not selfish. Finally, a mean score of 9.13 for Anonymous shows people have a low anonymous attitude.

Reliability Measure

In order to test the internal reliability and consistency of data, reliability analysis is performed on all the items of the four variables. Reliability can be measured through Cronbach's Alpha. If Chronbach’s Alpha is greater than 0.70, the data is believed to be reliable. Otherwise, it is less reliable. In the present case, the Cronbach's Alpha value comes out to be more than 0.90 for Helping, Emotion and Anonymous. Thus, the data is highly reliable. In the case of Altruism, this value comes out to be 0.466; however, since this is reversed scale, it can be included in the analysis.

Multiple Regression Analysis

In order to determine the impact of Emotion, Altruism and Anonymous attitude of participants on their Helping attitude, multiple regression is performed. This shows how much each of the three variables influences the helping attitude. Therefore, in this case, Emotion, Altruism and Anonymous are predictors or independent variables and Helping is a response or dependent variable. The table below shows results of the regression analysis.

a. Predictors: (Constant), Anonymous, Altruism, Emotion

As per Table 6, the correlation coefficient between the predictor variables and the response variables comes out to be 0.819. This shows there is a positive association between the predictor variables and the response variable. That is, if the Emotional, Altruism and Anonymous attitude of the people will increase, their Helping attitude will also increase and vice versa. Further, the regression coefficient between the predictor variables and the response variables comes out to be 0.670. This shows that with the variation of 100 percent in the predictor variables, there will be a variation of 67 percent in the response variables. That is, multiple regression analysis shows that change in Emotion, Altruism and Anonymous attitude in people have a moderate influence on their Helping attitude.

a. Dependent Variable: Helping

b. Predictors: (Constant), Anonymous, Altruism, Emotion

Table 7, ANOVA table tells about the significance of the above result, that is, whether the impact of the predictor variables on the response variable is statistically significant or not. In the present case, the F value comes out to be 63.650 with p-value or significance value of 0.000. Now as the p-value or the significance value is less than 0.05, that is, the critical alpha value, the above relationship between predictor variables and the response variable is statistically significant.

a. Dependent Variable: Helping

In order to determine the individual impact of each predictor variable on the response variable, Table 8 is quite useful. As per the table, the p-value or the significance value of Emotion and Anonymous is less than 0.05, whereas, that of Altruism is greater than 0.05. It shows that Emotion and Anonymous attitude of people significantly influence their Helping attitude. On the other hand, Altruism attitude of people does not have significantly influence the Helping attitude of the people. Thus, the regression equation between predictor variables and response variable comes out to be as follows:

Helping=30.516+1.984*Emotion+0.200*Altruism+1.380*Anonymous

Thus, from the overall analysis, it can be concluded that people with high Emotion, Altruism and Anonymous attitude will be more Helping and vice-versa.

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