Normality Test Results Using Kolmogorov Smirnov Test

Test of Normality

To test the normality of the variables, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied through SPSS. The test results are shown in table 1 below. The table shows that the data for EI was normally distributed, whereas the data for delinquency and psychopathy was not normally distributed. For those needing additional guidance in analysing these results, psychology dissertation help can provide useful insights and support.

Table 1: Test of Normality results for Delinquency, EI and Psychopathy

Thus the data was further explored to see if there are outliers in the data set which may have major influence on output.

Outliers

Figure 1: Distribution of Delinquency, EI and Psychopathy

Figure 2 shows that there are some outliers in the data for delinquency, EI and psychopathy. So before proceeding for the final analysis, these outliers are removed and once again the data the remaining data set is tested for normality to check the effect it had. Below is the result for normality:

Table 2: Test of Normality results for Delinquency, EI and Psychopathy

The table 2 above shows that the data for EI was normally distributed, whereas the data for delinquency and psychopathy was not normally distributed. That is, removing the outliers did not have any significant effect on the normality of data. So the outliers will remain in the data for further analysis.

Hypothesis1: EI mediates the relationship between delinquency and psychopathy among women, but not among men

To test whether EI mediates the relationship between delinquency and psychopathy among women, but not men, the mediation-moderation analysis was performed (Appendix: Mediation and Moderation).

As per the mediation moderation result (appendix), there was no significantly indirect effect of gender on delinquency and psychopathy (b = 0.0903, p = 0.5123). Further, there was no significant effect of psychopathy on delinquency (b = 0.0804, p = 0.7863) and EI (b = -0.0862, p = 0.6940). Moreover, there was no significantly indirect effect of gender on psychopathy and EI (b = 0.2479, p = 0.1816). Thus, the above analysis shows that EI does not mediate the relationship between delinquency and psychopathy among women as well as men.

Hypothesis 2: Women who score higher on EI will also score higher on psychopathy

To test the association between EI and psychopathy, Pearson’s correlation was performed for women respondents (Table 3 in appendix).

It was found that EI and psychopathy were significantly positively correlated (see figure 3); r = 0.573, p < 0.01. Thus, hypothesis 2 has been supported; women who score higher on EI will also score higher on psychopathy.

Hypothesis 3: There is a positive relationship between high EI and interpersonal delinquency in women, but not in men

To draw a relationship between EI and delinquency, Pearson’s correlation was individually performed for women and men Table 4 and 5 in appendix.

It was found that EI and interpersonal delinquency were not significantly positively correlated for women; r = 0.106, p > 0.01. Further, it was found that EI and interpersonal delinquency were not significantly negatively correlated for men; r = -0.223, p > 0.01. Thus, hypothesis 3 has not been supported; women who score higher on EI will also score higher on interpersonal delinquency, but not men.

Hypothesis 4: There is a significant difference in an overall emotional intelligence across genders.

The mean EI score for men (M = 124.65, SD= 11.69) was found to be higher than that for women (M = 121.29, SD + 9.69) (see independent t-test in appendix). However analysis found that this difference was not significantly different (t (108) = 1.65, p = 0.103. Thus, the hypothesis is not supported: there is no significant difference in emotional intelligence between genders.

Most prevalent crime among men and women

As per the frequency analysis (table 8 in appendix), stealing something worth £5 or less was the most prevalent crime among men, whereas, skipping school was the most prevalent crime among women.

Mediation and Moderation Analysis

OUTCOME VARIABLE:

EI

Model Summary

R R-sq MSE F df1 df2 p

.4691 .2201 91.7761 9.9714 3.0000 106.0000 .0000

Model

coeff se t p LLCI ULCI

Constant 120.1833 28.5123 4.2151 .0001 63.6548 176.7117

Psychopathy .0804 .2957 .2719 .7863 -.5058 .6666

Gender -27.0200 17.7595 -1.5214 .1311 -62.2300 8.1901

Int_1 .2479 .1843 1.3447 .1816 -.1176 .6133

Product terms key:

Int_1 : Psychopa x Gender

Test(s) of highest order unconditional interaction(s):

R2-chng F df1 df2 p

X*W .0133 1.8083 1.0000 106.0000 .1816

OUTCOME VARIABLE:

Delinquency

Model Summary

R R-sq MSE F df1 df2 p

.1109 .0123 50.0573 .3266 4.0000 105.0000 .8595

Model

coeff se t p LLCI ULCI

Constant 25.1434 22.7537 1.1050 .2717 -19.9729 70.2598

Psychopathy -.0862 .2184 -.3945 .6940 -.5193 .3469

EI -.0653 .0717 -.9106 .3646 -.2076 .0769

Gender -9.2475 13.2584 -.6975 .4870 -35.5366 17.0415

Int_1 .0903 .1373 .6575 .5123 -.1819 .3625

Product terms key:

Int_1 : Psychopa x Gender

Test(s) of highest order unconditional interaction(s):

R2-chng F df1 df2 p

X*W .0041 .4324 1.0000 105.0000 .5123

DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y

Conditional direct effect(s) of X on Y:

Gender Effect se t p LLCI ULCI

1.0000 .0041 .1013 .0403 .9679 -.1969 .2050

Correlation Analysis between EI and Psychopathy for Women

Correlation Analysis between EI and Interpersonal delinquency for Women

Correlation Analysis between EI and Interpersonal delinquency for Men

Frequency Analysis for most prevalent crime among men and women

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