Smoking Cessation and Well-Being

Well-being is important

The presence of good health and well-being is essential and fundamental aspect of any person’s life as it enables them to effectively overcome difficulties as well achieve their needs and wishes in life (Weinhold and Chaloupka, 2017).

The feeling of well-being is significant to make people feel mentally stable, have sense of self-worth and involve in proper sleeping activity to ensure good physical health (Širvinskienė et al. 2016).

The Well-being Model for smoking cessation informs the strategies to be followed by individuals to be able to quit smoking permanently to have better health and livelihood (tobaccoinaustralia.org.au, 2016).

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The Well-being Model for smoking cessation depicts that proper exercise and fitness, relaxation time, healthy diet; good quality sleep and others are required to effectively quit smoking (tobaccoinaustralia.org.au, 2016).

The outcome of following the Well-being Model for smoking cessation is that it would help the individual involved in smoking to have knowledge of the strategies and ways they can adapt to gradually quit smoking in a permanent way without feeling of taking any additional drugs or nicotine supplements to avoid smoking.

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The model would also result in promoting better mental and physical health of the individual which has been hindered due to the effect of smoking as outcome.

The Well-being Model for smoking cessation mentioned here is appropriately related with Frank as by following the model he would be able to adopt ways in which he can effectively quit smoking regarding which he is found to be still struggling.

Aspects of Well-being

Physical Exercises

The physical exercise leads the body to release endorphins which interact with the brain receptors to control and lower pain and stress making the individuals develop positive feeling and energy resulting them to avoid the urge of smoking tobacco (Prapavessis et al. 2016). This control of mental stare helps individuals to quit smoking as their urge to smoke as a result of mental stress or pain is effectively managed.

The individuals who are involved in smoking have presence of nicotine and carbon monoxide in the body that impacts the blood to become sticky in nature and the arteries to be narrowed leading reduced flow of blood to tissues and organs in the body. The physical exercise by the smoker trying to quit helps them to boost oxygen supply in the tissues by boosting the blood vessels to be elongated and widen (Giatras et al. 2017). Thus, exercise to quit smoking is effective as it helps to health the damage caused as a result of long-term smoking of tobacco by individuals.

The physical exercise while trying to quit smoking is effective to lead individual control their withdrawal symptoms related to smoking (De Jesus and Prapavessis, 2018). Thus, effective exercise helps to promote well-being among smokers to make them quit it properly.

The physical exercise also helps to control the BMI rate of the individuals by making them avoid the development of increased weight after smoking cessation (Klinsophon et al. 2017). Thus, Frank by getting involved in physical exercise is able to avoid weight gain which is one of the side effects considered with smoking cessation.

Physical exercise to be used by Frank to quit smoking

Walking up the stairs is a good way of reducing some calories. Instead of taking a lift, try walking up the stairs

Pack your sneakers so that you can go for a short walk during your lunch breaks. This is also a good way for some physical activity, helping you to be more productive in the afternoon.

Keep moving or walk around. This can be done when making calls and may help in adding additional movement to your daily routine.

Stretching is a good way to make your muscles strong. Most of the people while watching the news. Gentle stretching is also a great way to wind up the day before going to bed

Create your own exercise. You may begin with jogging or set small goals for yourself such as running between the poles for a distance

Select the activities that you like and count that as exercise. This may include cycling, walking, dancing or playing basketball.

You can exercise with a friend or look for a workout partner that can motivate you or help you stay on track

Balanced Diet

The intake of balanced diet with the inclusion of proper amount of fruits and vegetables helps individual to control their craving to smoke in turn helping them to quit smoking. Moreover, increased fruits and vegetable intake helps to restore the nutrients such as Vitamin A and C which smoking has resulted the body to be blocked to absorb in proper amount (Skaaby et al. 2016). Thus, the intake of increased fruits and vegetables is essential for Frank as it would help him to develop better health and control the smoking urge.

The intake of ginseng tea is found to be effective to quit smoking as it leads to weaken the impact of dopamine that is a neurotransmitter released by the brain to make people sense the pleasure they wish to have while smoking tobacco (Nisaa and Zafar, 2018). Thus, the intake of the ginseng tea would lead Frank to cope with the craving to smoke eventually being able to avoid smoking permanently.

The use of sugarless chewing gums and mints are effective supplements to make people quit smoking and control the urge to smoke. This is because chewing gums making the mouth of the person busy during their feeling of urge to smoke in turn making them able to avoid having tobacco (Bush et al. 2016).

Avoid recreational drugs

The uses of recreational drugs that are used for helping people to quit smoking are to be avoided. This is because the side-effects of the drugs create hindered mental and physical health condition among individuals.

For instance, one of the popular recreational drugs used to support smoking cessation is Chantix. The medication is used as it helps to block the nicotine receptors present in the brain, in turn, making the person to have less pleasurable effect as a result of smoking. This makes the individual avoid getting involved in smoking tobacco (Crawford III and Cieslak, 2017). However, the use of Chantix requires several days to reach effective levels in the blood to lead the person quit smoking and the drug is found to increase risk of mental problems in people such as suicidal thoughts and others. Moreover, increased mood changes are seen among people using it as a side-effect of the medication (Chopra et al. 2019). Thus, Frank need to avoid the use of the recreation drugs as it may help him to quit smoking but the side-effects of the medication would hinder his mental as well as physical health, in turn, making him unable to reach proper health and well-being.

Another recreation drug used by people to quit smoking includes the nicotine patch. However, the use of such patch is to be avoided as it still releases slow and steady amount of nicotine in the body which use may cause sleep disturbances among the people along with skin irritation (Przulj et al. 2019). Thus, this medication would also required to be avoided by Frank so that he can neglect the side-effects as lack of good sleep would make him experience fatigue and restlessness resulting to hinder his physical efficiency to work and perform everyday activities.

Avoid caffeine

The caffeine intake is able to make smoking cessation to be difficult as it increases likelihood among individuals to smoke or intensify the withdrawal symptoms of cessing to smoke tobacco. This makes individuals trying to avoid cigarettes unable to execute the act in turn struggle to cease smoking (Wetter, 2017). Thus, caffeine intake is to be avoided by Frank as it may be making him feel intense symptoms of tobacco cessation that is eventually making him experience trouble to avoid smoking in a permanent manner.

Good Sleep

The individuals trying to cease smoking require sleeping for proper hours so that their stress and pain due to everyday life along with symptoms of tobacco withdrawal can be properly controlled. This is because during sleep the brain is able to rest and the body is able to perform its function to ensure healing making individuals have steady mental health and well-being which in turn allows them to control their behaviour and activities in proper manner (Purani et al. 2019). Thus, with good sleep, Frank would be able to feel peace and stable psychological health to feel boosted to cope with smoking cessation symptoms.

Relaxation

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Relaxation is an essential aspect of improved well-being.

The relaxation technique will help you respond to the effects of chronic stress by relaxing muscles, lowering blood pressure and slowing down the rate of breathing, which ultimately improves a person’s well-being (MacDonald, 2019).

Thus, relaxation would help Frank to be mentally stable to control his feeling and emotions along with the urge of smoking.

Educating the impact of smoking cessation

The smoking cessation helps individuals lower their risk of developing lung cancer along with many other forms of cancer. The cessation helps to reduce heart diseases, lower respiratory symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath and others along with the risk of respiratory issues such as COPD and others can be avoided (WHO, 2019).

The education regarding the impact of smoking cessation is essential part of making people develop positive zeal to avoid cigarettes and tobacco because they develop the knowledge regarding the immense health well-being can be accessed by them with the act (Khalaf et al. 2018). Thus, education regarding the effect of smoking cessation is required to be given to Frank so that the individual develops increased positive intension to quit smoking with the understanding of the benefits he can face with the act.

Involvement in smoking cessation programs

The involvement in smoking cessation programs is effective for people trying to quit smoking because in such programs experienced health professionals and service providers are present who direct the individuals in a systematic manner by informing the activities to be performed to quit smoking (Gallaway et al. 2019). Frank is required to be involved in smoking cessation program to have improved well-being through successful cessation of smoking. This is because in the programs he can access information from experienced professionals and support from service providers to get directed properly to quit smoking, in turn, avoiding him to face struggling situation to meet the intention to cease smoking.

Lay Theories of self-control

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Frank became a habitual smoker since the age of 20. He thought it was cool to have a pack of smoke and would often sneak from her father’s packets. While Frank was in college, he furthered involved to smoke a pack of cigarettes per day. For him, it was energizing, relaxing and satisfying. Smoking would help Frank focus better on his work. For years, Frank smoked occasionally and thought that it was a grown-up thing to do. Frank would spend his time thinking about when he would have his next cigarette. He saw himself as a smoker and this was the hardest thing to do was to change his self his change from being a smoker to a non-smoker (Kumar, 2019). Frank’s case suggests that it was difficult for him to self-control. Individuals who have often failed to self-control are often the victims of social judgements. Hence, in such circumstances, lay theories with regards to self-control may help to respond to these reactions.

What do people think about those who are unable to quit smoking?

Are they at fault?

Can they ever bring changes to their behaviour? The belief of people about self-control may affect how they judge others. There are people who still fail at self-control. Hence, to address this, it is suitable to apply the lay theory if self-control on Frank’s situation (Freeman, 2013).

Importance of Smoking Cessation

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The leaflet is for Frank who is a 30-year-old man and the name used is fictional so as to abide by the NMC Code to protect the confidentiality of the patient. Frank is a former smoker and has been smoking for the last 10 years. He had his last cigarette on August 30th 2018 and since then his friends and family have been the biggest support for him to give up his habit of smoking. However, switching to being a non-smoker has not been easy for him and he is still struggling. This is because before each day he would spend time with his friends smoking cigarettes and when Frank stopped smoking he would feel the urge to feed nicotine into his body as well as miss the time with his friends. Frank has also tried coffee as a replacement to quit smoking. In this time span, the patient has been able to quit smoking but is not able to quit it permanently as he still feels the urge to have cigarettes and have sneaked on taking counters from friends who still smoke. The following leaflet will help the patient to deal with the issue of smoking and quit it completely. The leaflet will centrally focus on the health behaviour of the patient in helping him to cope up with the smoking issue. The main motive of the leaflet is to make the patient aware of the individuals about the importance of healthy life and the importance of quitting smoking. The entire leaflet is based on the importance of quitting smoking and ways to quit it easily (Sustersic et al., 2017). By means of the leaflet, the patient will be able to address the serious concerns that are linked with the smoking habit. The leaflet also offers the benefits of adopting the healthy diet and substitute to smoking that can be adapted on the daily basis (Wang et al., 2017). The leaflet also consists of short sections that will allow the reader to understand the importance of quitting smoking and saying no to the unhealthy lifestyle. Smoking is considered as a major risk for the heart disease that includes heart attacks and heart strokes. The person with smoking habit is likely to suffer from the heart attack issue as compared to the normal human body. The leaflet in this view will allow the patient to know about the harmful effects that the person could gain from the excessive smoking and the benefits of restraining oneself from smoking. In order to help the patient with this quitting of the smoking habit, the leaflet will help the person to use the exercise and other resources mentioned below. In order to provide support to the patient, the leaflet will address the positive change that will occur by refraining from smoking. The leaflet will offer useful tips on the daily basis on how to quit smoking successfully and it will also address the most commonly used aids.

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The leaflet will also offer guidance on the effect of smoking on heart and circulation by providing guidance of tips for quitting from smoking. The leaflet will at first ask the patient to write down the reasons for quitting smoking and they will help the patient to know the consequences of bad habits. This will be done by addressing what is actually in the cigarette. For the exercises, the patient will be guided on helping that what kind of exercising should the patient do. Such as the patient is asked to use minimal forms of exercise for example going and coming down from stairs rather than using lift, furthermore, the patient is asked for doing excessive walking. These kinds of minimal exercises will allow the patient to clear the mind and cope up with the short bursts which are quite good for him on his journey to quit smoking. Also, stretching exercises are guided to do as it will allow the patient to strengthen the muscles and is also good to do prior to the exercise in the form of warm-up. The leaflet has guided the patient on how efficiently the cigarette can be substituted and in what ways it can be adapted. For the snack’s thing, the patient is guided to eat fruits and veggies or any low-fat snacks. The most important thing, the patient is asked to drink plenty of water and other fluids. Also, the leaflet guides the patient to take the common forms of substitutes for cigarettes such as gums and inhalers could be used as they are not harmful and could help greatly. The patient will receive the leaflet at the time of consultation, it will be hand-delivered and should be asked by the patient to consider it in the same way just like she would prefer a medical prescription. The use of leaflet will improve the knowledge of the patient about how to take medicines correctly and will raise their awareness about the potential side effects of smoking. Most importantly, the patient by having the leaflet will be more satisfied as this has been also proved by the past study while it was stated that patients getting leaflets were more satisfied with their treatment as compared to the ones with medical prescription only (Kelley et al., 2001). The leaflet will be beneficial for the patient in a way that every time if the patient will end up losing hope, it will serve as an encouraging factor stating that the patient can do it and have a healthy lifestyle in the end (Dickson et al., 2017). The title stop smoking is a direct message to the patient to stop the unhealthy lifestyle and its relevance lies in giving an overview of the entire leaflet demonstrating that what the leaflet is about and why it is asked to refrain from the smoking habit. The reason behind taking the self-control theory is that Frank has been a smoke addict in the last 30 years and asking him to stop smoking through medical treatment solely would not be a good idea especially when the patient himself is willing to stop this habit. This willingness could be effectively supported by the act of self-control (Valasik, 2014). Moreover, it will also allow the patient to stay firm in his decisions and this will also increase his chance of success. The act of self-control will also help in curtailing the impulsive behaviour of the patient to a high extent. The reason behind taking the habit of fruits and veggies in the daily routine of patient’s eating is that it will keep the patient healthy and will increase its stamina of exercising. The stretching exercise and walking habit will allow easing the nicotine withdrawal symptoms from the patient’s body (Usshis et al., 2014) and will distract his from the smoking thoughts by also improving his mood as a whole (Marcuss et al., 1999).

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References

Bush, T., Lovejoy, J.C., Deprey, M. and Carpenter, K.M., 2016. The effect of tobacco cessation on weight gain, obesity, and diabetes risk. Obesity, 24(9), pp.1834-1841.

Chopra, D.A., Shah, A.B., Vadhariya, A.H. and Painter, J.T., 2019. The risk of varenicline-induced seizure among those who have attempted to quit smoking using pharmacotherapy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 97, pp.169-173.

De Jesus, S. and Prapavessis, H., 2018. Smoking behaviour and sensations during the pre-quit period of an exercise-aided smoking cessation intervention. Addictive behaviors, 81, pp.143-149.

Dickinson, R., Raynor, D.K., Knapp, P. and MacDonald, J., 2017. How much information about the benefits of medicines is included in patient leaflets in the European Union?–A survey. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 25(2), pp.147-158.

Gallaway, M.S., Tai, E. and Rohan, E.A., 2019. Smoking cessation treatment programs offered at hospitals providing oncology services. Journal of smoking cessation, 14(1), pp.65-71.

Giatras, N., Wanninkhof, E., Leontowitsch, M., Lewis, B., Taylor, A., Cooper, S. and Ussher, M., 2017. Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy. BMC public health, 17(1), p.85.

Khalaf, I.A., Abu‐Moghli, F.A., LaRocco, S.A. and Al‐Maharma, D.Y., 2018. Jordanian nurses’ perception and interventions related to promoting smoking cessation. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(17-18), pp.3397-3407.

Klinsophon, T., Thaveeratitham, P., Sitthipornvorakul, E. and Janwantanakul, P., 2017. Effect of exercise type on smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC research notes, 10(1), p.442.

Nisaa, Z.U. and Zafar, A., 2018. Efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention using the natural agents. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health, 10(2), pp.19-23.

Prapavessis, H., De Jesus, S., Fitzgeorge, L., Faulkner, G., Maddison, R. and Batten, S., 2016. Exercise to enhance smoking cessation: the getting physical on cigarette randomized control trial. Annals of behavioral medicine, 50(3), pp.358-369.

Przulj, D., Wehbe, L., McRobbie, H. and Hajek, P., 2019. Progressive nicotine patch dosing prior to quitting smoking: feasibility, safety and effects during the pre‐quit and post‐quit periods. Addiction, 114(3), pp.515-522.

Širvinskienė, G., Žemaitienė, N., Jusienė, R., Šmigelskas, K., Veryga, A. and Markūnienė, E., 2016. Smoking during pregnancy in association with maternal emotional well-being. Medicina, 52(2), pp.132-138.

Skaaby, T., Husemoen, L.L.N., Thuesen, B.H., Pisinger, C., Hannemann, A., Jørgensen, T. and Linneberg, A., 2016. Longitudinal associations between lifestyle and vitamin D: A general population study with repeated vitamin D measurements. Endocrine, 51(2), pp.342-350.

Valasik, M., 2014. Self‐Control Theory. The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, pp.1-5.

Wang, M.P., Li, W.H., Cheung, Y.T., Lam, O.B., Wu, Y., Kwong, A.C., Lai, V.W., Chan, S.S. and Lam, T.H., 2017. Brief advice on smoking reduction versus abrupt quitting for smoking cessation in Chinese smokers: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 20(1), pp.67-72.

Weinhold, D. and Chaloupka, F.J., 2017. Smoking status and subjective well-being. Tobacco Control, 26(2), pp.195-201.

Wetter, V., 2017. Educating Patients on Smoking Cessation Success. MedSurg Nursing, 26(6), pp.417-419.

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