Transforming Education with Technology
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
The emergence of a wide range of technologies and change in educational or learning practices has increased the demand for transformation in the educational environment. Therefore, different educational institutions have to manage significant changes in their teaching tactics to facilitate an excellent learning experience. The educational institution should have to pay significant attention to digital technologies so as the best learning environment could be created to meet all requirements of students (HolmboeandBatalden, 2015). In the 21st century, there would be a significant change required in teaching practices to prepare students for the future. In this regards, learning practices should have to shift from teacher-centred didactic approach to student-centred learning approach. Here learning can be managed at any time, anywhere and anyplace by applying different kinds of tech-based solutions. The role of the teacher is significantly changed, and teachers would be acted as facilitators, motivators along with analysts. With the help of having significant knowledge and skills, the teacher will be able to develop an appropriate learning or educational environment as per the distinct interest of students. For the attainment of future learning requirement, transformation in the educational environment is essential to attain learning goals. Therefore, it is essential to compile four basic learning practices for increasing the effectiveness of contemporary educational environment (HuittandMonetti, 2017). The first element is Active Learning in which students should have to self-motivate for taking responsibility and ownership for managing their own learning goals and other educational practices. The role of the teacher is significantly enhanced in active learning, and a teacher supports a student in the creation of the learning environment. The second element of transformation in learning is Participatory Learning in which an efficient learning environment offers sufficient opportunities to the student for engaging with peers, teachers and other people in the community (Bakhurst, 2015). In this regards, a teacher is playing the role of facilitator for establishing connections among different students for increasing the effectiveness of leaning practice. Different technologies are influencing the effectiveness of overall social relationships, such as social media groups and many more. The third element is termed as a Deep Learning that could be termed as an essential element for increasing the effectiveness of transformation in the education system. In this process, students will be focused to analyse the big ideas concerning the different scientific method for determining the key concepts, principles and facts to meet learning tasks. The last element is focused on Personalised Learning in which educational institutions require to appropriate attention on the diversity of individual differences, interests, and talents in the “classroom”. Educational tasks must be carried out without compromising the fundamentals of the learning process. Also, students will be provided with sufficient opportunities to learn from a personalised curriculum through a variety of teaching approaches. It would provide excellent results during the transformation of the educational environment (Bartlett and et al., 2018). Therefore, the importance of information and communication technologies (ICT) is enhanced for ensuring the success of the transformation process for the learning environment.
In the context of the 21st century, technology plays a critical role in influencing the interest and learning pattern of students. However, teachers should have to consider a wide range of learning management systems as per the distinct needs of the learning environment. The application of ICT in the learning process could help students or learners in building their learning environment. It can also help in digital learning portfolios that are having great potential in the learning process. This is because these platforms can be accessible from multiple devices that include notebooks, tablets, and smartphones from anywhere and anytime with connection (Jones and Matlay, 2019). In the transformation of the educational environment, different social media tools such as Skype, Edmodo, Grockit, EduBlogs, Voicethread, Lino, and Wikispaces have provided excellent support to several students, teachers and community. Therefore, different individuals can establish connection and collaboration in order to promote participatory learning (Leal Filho and Orlovic, 2018). These social media platforms have been addressed very useful for teachers and students for sharing and managing a range of information in the form of multi-media resources, content posting and evaluation of ideas. Furthermore, the importance and need for transformation in the educational system and environment have enhanced meaningful manner. It would be seemed essential for managing a wide range of learning practices.
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study
Aim
The aim of the study provides a brief idea about what the researcher wants to achieve in a particular study. The aim of the present study is “To explore Success factors for managing transformation in an educational environment”.
Objectives
Research objectives play an essential role in providing appropriate clarification about the study topic. This way, an investigator can control various other aspects and variables of the present study in an appropriate manner. These objectives provide significant support to the researcher in the collection of a variety of data and information related to the subject matter. In the context of the present study, some important research objectives are listed below:
To evaluate transformation in educational settings.
To determine the importance of transformation in the educational environment.
To identify critical success factors for the successful application of transformation in the education system
1.3. Research Questions
Research questions determine some an essential criterion through which investigator can increase the reliability of study outcomes. These questions have helped researcher for controlling different variables such as a change in the educational system, the emergence of latest technologies and alternation in learning practices (Gedeon, 2017). As per the aim and objectives, research questions for the present study are listed below:
How does transformation influence different operations of educational settings?
What is the importance of transformation in the educational environment?
What are the critical success factors for the successful application of transformation in the education system so as students can avail the best learning facilities?
1.4 Rationale of Current Study
The present study is focused on evaluating the different success factors for managing transformation in an educational environment. The main reason behind selection this topic is that there have been several studies carried out the educational practices. In addition to various developmental studies of the educational system all over the world. These studies have paid significant attention to teacher-centred learning approaches and different learning theories which have been considered by teachers in different learning contexts (NadtochyandBakharev, 2016).In past studies, the researcher has not considered the importance of a diversified learning environment that would able to meet interest factors and distinct learning requirements of different individuals. These studies have covered several aspects of traditional and classroom learning approaches. However, these investigations have failed to analyse the implication of the latest technologies and digital solution for improving the effectiveness of learning practices (Rossi-Foulkes and Burnet, 2017). Therefore, the present study is going to cover a broad area of the educational learning environment. In the present study, researchers have focused on different factors for advancement in learning processes which have not been covered by previous studies. It includes assessment of essential success factors of new systems and learning theories that would be identified very useful for creating an efficient environment of the educational system. The importance of transformation in the educational environment will significantly increase in the coming years. Because such transformation would offer the increased level of personalised learning and the creation of a unique learning environment as per the distinct interest of students. The study of Pearce and Wood (2019)has stated that transformation in the educational environment is significantly influenced by the emergence and growth of latest tech-based solutions. It includes the likes of learning apps, cloud-based system and social media communities. All these factors have been addressed key motivator for educational environment transformation. Therefore, the report is presenting some critical success factors to determine the growth and reliability of highly proactive as well as advanced educational systems. These critical success factors determine the need and reliability of transformation in the educational environment.
1.5 Report Structure
It determines a basic overview of the information that will be covered in different sections of the present study that are listed below:
Chapter 1: Introduction: This is the first section of the present study that presents a brief overview of different aspects of the whole study by presenting the study background. It presents aim and objectives along with the rationale of the investigation so as a reader can examine the nature and topic of study. It also determines the report structure, which has been followed by the researcher.
Chapter 2: Literature review: It is considered the second section of a systematic study. The researcher uses it for assessing the in-depth understanding and knowledge of different factors, theories and approaches concerning study topic. In this context, a researcher carries out a detailed analysis of views of different authors and findings of past studies with the help of a wide range of secondary data. A variety of data have been gained from different sources such as online books, journals, pasts studies and other articles. Therefore, the investigator can produce appropriate research outcomes concerning the aim and objectives of the present study.
Chapter 3: Body of thesis: This section presents an evaluation of different research theories, approaches and processes which have been adopted by the researcher for performing the whole investigation with an appropriate manner. It examines the reliability of different approaches and tools which have been considered by the investigator in the process of data collection and analysis. Therefore, the importance of this section is enhanced because it determines a basic framework that has been followed by the researcher for controlling different research operations for the attainment of research objectives.
Chapter 4: Findings: This chapter evaluates the findings of the present study which have been addressed by the researcher through primary and secondary data. In the context of the present study, this section evaluates the responses of different participants. These are taken through a questionnaire about transformation in the educational environment. It also uses the findings of a literature review. Therefore, appropriate research outcomes have been produced for the attainment of study goals in an appropriate manner.
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations: It is termed as the last section of the current study that presents a summary of the whole study. In this section, the researcher presents key research findings which have been addressed by a detailed assessment of a wide range of primary and secondary data concerning study aim and objective. Besides, this section also presents the reliability of different research methods and tools adopted by the investigator in the overall study. This section also provides some recommendations in the educational environment transformation as well as the change in learning practices for attainment of future-leaning requirements.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The chapter is termed as an essential section of the present study. The present investigation is aimed to evaluate key success factors in the transformation of the educational environment. In this context, the current study was carried out an in-depth evaluation of different approaches of transformation in the education system in section with the help of a range of secondary sources such as online books, journals, online articles and findings of past studies about the subject matter (Tereliansky and et al., 2019). This section offers a detailed understanding of several factors of the educational environment. Therefore, the investigator can present an appropriate conclusion by combining primary and secondary data.
2.2 Role of transformation for ensuring success in adult education means in the upcoming decades of the 21st century
According to HolmboeandBatalden (2015), the transformation of the educational environment has created various new opportunities for adult education. This is because the 21st century comes with various challenges based on personal and professional life, so as the importance of adult education is enhanced significantly in the upcoming years. Scholar determined that adult education is a broad term used for managing different aspects related to teaching and education of adults. It seems an essential part of lifelong learning because transformation in the educational environment offers new learning opportunities for adults for the attainment of professional goals. Psaltis, CarreteroandČehajić-Clancy (2017)argued that unlike education for children and young adults, which is often influenced by legislation. Adult education is divided into several different fields of specialisation such as vocational education, personal enrichment along with the remedial training. In this regards, the transformation of education has offered various new tactics and technology-based learning tools such as social media, online courses, internet-based learning model, learning through mobile applications and many more. The techniques and tools for adult education are significantly different from traditional education practices for children (Waks, 2015). The study of TarmanandChigisheva (2017) has determined that the importance of self-directed learner will be enhanced significantly in the 21st century. This is because up-coming years would emerge as massive challenges for professionals in different departments for the attainment of distinct requirements of the knowledge-based economy. Further investigation has determined that the new era of Internet-powered innovation, as well as machine learning, is going to replace the routine jobs which are traditionally done by people. The new economic reality is that any job which is required any instructions, and it would be charted on a workflow chart with the help of machines and automated systems. All these factors have played an essential role in increasing the demand of the knowledge-based economy. As per the study of Behanand et al. (2015), the need for adult education is more among those individuals who have passed the age of traditional education. This way transformation in the educational environment has created new learning and skills development opportunities in the form of distance learning courses, e-learning and correspondence courses. For managing sustainability, a lifelong learning practice offers continuous growth opportunities. This is because an individual can avail professional growth with the help of new learnings and skills based on technology and other sectors. Therefore, transformation in an educational environment would find a positive response and tremendous success in the upcoming years (Pearce, 2019).
As per the study of Churchill (2018), it has addressed that advancement in education system encourages people of self-directed learning procedures. This is because it has addressed that the uniqueness of human beings is significantly influenced by the curiosity level, creative approach and social learning. It has found that these are innate human capacities which cannot be automated according to changes in the global business environment. Therefore, each human being has to pay significant attention to developing his own lives as self-directed learners for remaining the indispensable within a knowledge-based economy (GitelmaandTretyakov, 2015). It can be stated that life-long learning is an essential characteristic of 21st-century education. This is because robots and software can not replicate some essential unique human qualities. It includes sensory awareness, creativity, along with social intelligence. Therefore, transformation in educational practices supports an individual for performing a wide range of technologies. While social learning helps in handling various critical tasks and job operations concerning the knowledge-based economy. The increment in the efficiency and skills of people through self-directed learning practices could be termed as an essential success indicator of the transformation process in the educational system.
2.3 Transformation in educational settings
For evaluating the transformation in educational settings, a Holistic model is offered by the Intel. This model enables schools for attainment in significant success in the learning process so as learner could be prepared for the 21st century (Lund and Eriksen, 2016). This model considers all the components of the educational system for ensuring the success of students. It also focuses on professional development, ICT, curriculum assessment and other such aspects. Therefore, a systematic evaluation of different components of this model is carried out below:
Professional development
As per the study of MaringeandOjo (2017), it has found that the teacher termed it as the most crucial element of the learning process. It offers regular support to students in order to achieve success in their learning. Hence, the transformation process influences the leadership of educational settings. It further enables them to provide the necessary conditions and support for teachers through which an educational institution is able to achieve desired learning and educational goals. In line with best practices, school leaders are advised to create appropriate rules and policies. They also have to ensure that the teachers and the leaders find an appropriate time for managing different tasks and activities related to professional development (Intel’s Education Transformation, 2019). In this context, Chinapah and Odero (2016) argued that the effectiveness of transformation within educational settings has significantly influenced by the skill and professional development practices for teachers and other individuals. In addition to that, the educational institution has to conduct formal professional development programs and activities for educators. They assess the support from the external experts and innovators/early adopters among the teachers as well as online learning has been addressed as an excellent and cost-effective method for advancement in skills and knowledge of different individuals. The research of Buttar (2016) has stated that professional development plans for teachers have been identified very useful for increasing the effectiveness of the transformation process within the educational setting. This is because these plans help teachers in order to create a proper understanding of different learning approaches for managing the learning practices for students such as active, participatory, deep along with personalised learning. The teachers should be able to facilitate wide range of presentation based on multiple modes (text, simulation,video, animation, audio, etc.) to represent a variety of content for their students that would allow leaner in order to have appropriate access to a variety of learning tasks (Tondeurand et al., 2016). By completing different tasks, the student can demonstrate their understanding in multiple ways. In this regards, transformation helps educational units for bringing new learning tools and content through which teachers could make learning more enjoyable.
Curriculum and Assessment
In the process of learning within the educational setting, the leadership of the school has to consider the curriculum and assessment in an appropriate manner concerning national policies. At the school level, the process of transformation influences school management for reviewing and revising the course structure along with its content that would support the teachers while working towards the desired learning for their students (Dar and Masood, 2018). As per the study of Fisher (2015), it has found that school leadership has to create different curriculum standards as per the government policies for the various subjects and disciplines. These policies assist teacher for providing the students new opportunities for acquiring the critical knowledge, skill along with dispositions in order to meet the requirements of education in the 21st century. Therefore, the curriculum and study material management has emerged as an essential part of the transformation process. More importantly, the organisation need to be restructured the curriculum in such manner that would encourage deep or conceptual learning as per the curriculum standards rather than just passing of state or national examinations (Bala, 2018). Therefore, the importance of curriculum design is significantly enhanced for managing the process of transformation in the educational institution.
Information Communications Technology
As per the study of Miao, Mishra and McGreal (2016), it has found that the emergence of information communication technology significantly influences the importance and role of transformation in the educational environment. For managing the transformation in the educational setting, the national ICT educational policies have provided significant assistance and resource to educational institutions for increasing the use of ICT in order to support student learning practices. By deploying ICT appropriately in different learning and skills development operations, the management of the educational firm has to consider different resources, tools as well as applications for enhancing the effectiveness of teaching and learning in different learning scenarios (Huang and Price, 2016). Furthermore, school leaders should have to manage sustainable investment in ICT. The is because teachers and students would get access to different devices for learning, digital learning resources in the form of cloud services along with technical support for making a highly secured and protected ICT-enabled environment. Holmboe and Batalden (2015) have determined that tech-based solutions within the educational setting have provided different opportunities for performing simulation games. Therefore, students can learn real-world conditions in a variety of learning tasks and activities.
Sustainable Resourcing
For managing the transformation within an educational setting, management has to consider several tools and resource so as sustainable sourcing helps the educational firm in order to assess proper tools at a high price. The investigation of HuittandMonetti (2017) has determined that schools have to make appropriate choices for assessing different tech-based solutions for ICT. It could empower teachers and students for handling different learning and skills development practices. In this regards, sustainably deployment of the necessary ICT resources on a long-term basis is essential for educational settings for performing the transformation. The ICT choices made should be based on the available budget to the school. An optimal ICT deployment is one where the ICT choices are made in tandem with the readiness of the teachers to leverage ICT for learning and within the available budget (Bakhurst, 2015). If ICT is deployed beyond the level of teacher’s skills, then it can be stated that the school is going to over-investing in ICT resource. It could also increase the chances of under-utilisation of the ICT resources. On the other hand, If ICT is deployed at a slower rate as compared to the teachers’ readiness, then the ICT resources will not seems to be appropriate for handling different learning tasks and it could increase the frustration level among the teachers because teachers have addressed several issues while leveraging ICT for learning (Bartlett and et al., 2018). In addition to that educational organisations are always like to have teachers and other staff members who are presented their skills and perception in the form of innovators or early adopters for a range of leaning methodology and tools. For such teachers, the school should have to encourage them by offering some additional incentives and resources through teachers could assure the success of the transformation process.
Research and Evaluation
It is termed as the most essential part of the transformation process within an educational setting. This is because the study of Jones and Malay (2019) has stated that the management of the educational firm should have to undertake research and evaluation practices in order to get ensure about the effectiveness of school-based ICT and transformation plan along with its appropriate implementation. By performing extensive research, the management of educational centre can assess the requirement of different programs under the school-based ICT plan and traditional learning plan so as top management can assess reliable solutions for increasing the effectiveness of learning practices (Leal Filho and Slovic, 2018). In addition to that,Pearce and Wood (2019)argued that appropriate research on existing learning strategies help educational setting for making corrections for exiting learning setting so as the effectiveness of transformational plans could be improved. These practices have found it very useful for the attainment of learning targets.
2.4 Importance of transformation in the educational environment
The transformation in the educational environment leads several benefits to the education system. Transformation offers the educational system with a new digital era in which the approach of transformation is found very useful for promoting information literacy. In this context, it has found that information literacy helps students in order to foresee the world from different perspectives with the help of a new way of individual thinking (Tereliansky and et al., 2019). Therefore, information literacy is being termed as essential benefits of the transformation process. As per the study of HolmboeandBatalden (2015), it has found that transformational in the educational system helps teachers in the identification of new talents in different fields. In this regards, new learning approaches of self-learning have found very useful for managing the additional learning and skills development practices for handling different critical tasks so as the skill level of highly talented individuals is enhanced as per the current market trends. Therefore, the approach of transformation seems very useful in the identification of new talent along with the improvement in their efficiency through self-managed learning. The transformation of the educational environment has created a new era of self-managed learning through which different individuals have addressed significant increment in their productivity at the workplace. The investigation of Psaltis, CarreteroandČehajić-Clancy (2017)has evaluated the transformation of educational of the environment has paid a critical role in increasing the reliability of learning content. In most countries, the depth of education is falling due to a change in interest and learning objectives. On the other hand, the ‘width’ of content is growing that school children may effectively replicate data or information, but these students are not able to think as researchers for analysing different processes and facts as well as conducting different experiments (Waks, 2015). In this regards, the advancement in learning practices has found it very useful for increasing the effectiveness of learning content. This is because transformation offers various tech-based solutions such as virtual classrooms, simulation games, learning videos and practical experiments as well as social media groups. It would offer great support in the creation of in-depth understanding about the subject matter so as students could avail high values for handling different critical tasks in the different learning process. Therefore, transformation leads toa positive impact on overall learning efficiency through detail assessment. The research of TarmanandChigisheva (2017)has determined that the family wealth level is having a direct impact on the educational level of students. The transformation in the educational environment is seemed very practical for facilitation equal access to education. This is because of the application of new technologies in learning practices such as internet-based learning courses, e-learning, distance education and simulation games. These internet-based learning opportunities have been addressed a very low-cost option of self-managed learning through which an individual can handle different tasks related to self-managed learning and skills development activities (Behan and et al., 2015). Therefore, all individuals could acquire equal opportunities for personal learning.
The investigation of Churchill (2018)has addressed that application of the new system in the educational environment is being emerged as an excellent tool for exchanging experience between different teachers. It has addressed that most schools today have considered different curricula which have been designed somewhere from outside and teachers have to instruct this content to children. However, this model is not enough for increasing the effectiveness of learning practices. In contemporary society, teachers should not only be independent, and the effectiveness of learning practices could be enhanced by creating mutual understanding and corporation with other teachers (GitelmaandTretyakov, 2015). For example, the annual results of the TALIS study have demonstrated that the effectiveness of learning practices could be enhanced because more teachers are collaborating. For example, the collaboration between teachers is being identified as an obligatory part of the educational system in China. This feature of education is evident in those countries where the government wants to attract young individual in a wide range of teaching and learning professions. As per the study of MaringeandOjo (2017), it addressed that transformation is excellent for individualisation of education. In general, doctors are not prescribing the same medicine for all patients and because different medicines are required for dealing with different health issues. Similarly, the importance of transformation is enhanced because it has influenced the teachers for personalising their educational approach concerning each child’s needs and educational requirements. For this purpose, courses have been designed differently in which teachers themselves should not be required to consider any unified standards and should have to implement overtly standardised approaches. In addition to that it has addressed that the approach of transformation has paid some significant attention to a project-based learning approach rather than a subject-focused approach through which learning institutions are able to increase the effectiveness of leaning practices so as appropriate results could be produced through highly efficient skills (Ten Factors Ensuring Success in Educational Systems According to PISA Author, 2017). The study of ChinapahandOdero (2016)has determined that High Learning Productivity is addressed as an important result or benefit of transformation. It was believed that the more hours that have spent on learning a subject could offer better the result. However, several international surveys have demonstrated significantly opposite results. This is because it has found that the more time students spend learning, then they have found the worse results in their PISA. In this regards, some important examples are addressed in which children are spending the most time at schools in the United Arab Emirates, but the results of students in European countries are significantly higher where students are spending fewer hours in learning (MaringeandOjo, 2017). This is because European countries are offering highly productive learning opportunities that determine the increased importance of transformation.
Buttar (2016)argued that transformation is seemed great for encouraging the learning from best practices. In this regards, there have been several educational reforms addressed in different countries. For example, Singapore has created the best model for borrowing best practices of different educational practices in all over the world. Therefore, it has addressed that learning out of best has emerged as a great tool for influencing the overall efficiency of the learning process.
2.5 Areas of Transformation
For managing digital transformation, there have been several areas identified that could require a transformation in education. The study of Goldie (2016) has determined that technological advancement is being termed as the most important areas of transformation. In this regards, the author has stated that the time of classroom learning by setting on the desk has passed out. Educational technology is playing a critical role in making learning collaborative and interactive (Allen and Seaman, 2017). Therefore, Augmented, virtual and mixed reality has been termed as an essential part of transformative technology that has played a critical role for enhancing the effectiveness of teacher’s instruction and creating immersive lessons that are playing an important role for increasing the level of fun and engaging for the student. As per the study of Siemens, Gaševićand Dawson (2015), it has found that virtual reality has an excellent capability for bringing the outside world within the classroom. For example, Internet-based Apps such as Unimersiv can transport students towards different locations in ancient Greece. Therefore, it has addressed that virtual reality has great potential in order to increase visual literacy, technology literacy along with the attention to the audience. The idea of combining AR/VR/MR is highly anticipated in current educational trends. There have been several areas identified in educational transformation. The study of Tyner (2014)has identified a new area of transformation that is linked with devices. It has addressed that schools are moving towards the approach of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). Therefore, students do not want to go to the technology lab for access to a computer or laptop. In recent years, there has massive transformation addressed in tech-based learning because each student is participating in a classroom with iPads and laptops. It has reduced the weight of heavy books and other study material. For example, Google Chromebooks account is used in over half of the devices within US classrooms (Clark, Tanner-Smith and Killingsworth, 2016). In 2014, it recorded that more than three million Chromebooks were used in different educational institutions all over the world. It determines that educational institutions have addressed several new opportunities for changing the type of study material. It has enhanced the accessibility of study material along with the quality of the learning process. The investigation of Henderson, Selwynand Aston (2017)has determined that Redesigned Learning Spaces is termed as an essential area of transformation. Therefore, educators have realised that their classrooms must have appropriate strength in order to mimic the workforce that could inspire students and teacher in order to create collaborative-friendly spaces to facilitate student learning. Boss and Krauss (2014)argued that the onboarding of technology is offered great supported to the endeavour of students. In the 21st century, classrooms are required the SMARTboards instead of chalkboards along with pods of SMARTdesks instead of individual seating facilities in the classroom. In addition to that, Students should have to provide virtual field trips rather just focused on reading the text. Therefore, the redesigned learning space could influence integrated technologies. Therefore, the student must be provided with a proper understanding of different learning technologies that could increase the effectiveness of learning methodologies (Darling-Hammond, Zielezinskiand Goldman, 2014). Moreover, some of these learning spaces are not even in the classroom. In this regards, different colleges and universities have paid significantly for changing the learning environment in which educational institution has paid some extra attention to the informal campus learning spaces. This is because this leaning is playing a critical role in creating 24/7classroom sessions that could increase the involvement of different individuals, such as learners and teacher in different classroom activities.
The study of Beard (2016)has stated that the application of AI in higher education has emerged as an excellent tool for increasing the effectiveness of the learning process. For example, Australia’s Deaken University has considered the IBM Watson for creating a virtual student advisory service so as the student could avail 24/7 advisory services for handling different learning issues. Watson’s virtual advisors have kept more than 30,000 questions during the first trimester (Whitton, 2014). This technology has played a critical role in freeing up the actual advisors in order to handle more complicated issues. As per the study of Smeda, Dakichand Sharda (2014), chatbots are being termed as another use of AI includes. This is because chatbots have some unique characteristics which have been influenced by the Natural Language Progression. This technology has some human capability for answering different questions related to homework. This transformation would help students in the paperwork process in the form of financial aid or paying bills and managing the workload. Other applications of AI in education are having great potential for managing the personalised learning, evaluating the quality of curriculum along with the content of learning process and facilitating one-on-one tutoring with the help of Intelligent Tutoring Systems(Beavis and et al., 2014). Therefore, technology plays a critical role as a complement to the teacher during the learning process. The research of Wu, Chen and Huang (2014)has determined that the Personalized Learning is termed an essential area of transformation. As a result of the transformation, educational insinuations are able to personalize the learning of the student in a more efficient manner. It helps students in the evaluation of learning while selecting a new educational institution. The study of Lewis, Wheelerand Carter (2017)has determined that the blended learning process is offering more responsibility to the student because it involves less direction or instruction from the teacher. In addition to that, it has addressed that transformation learning is playing a critical role in promoting more discovery-based methods of individual learning. Therefore, blended learning is being termed as an essential example of how students could control some important elements of personal learning by making decisions about the learning process, along with the selection of appropriate content. The research of McKnight and et al. (2016)has stated that adaptive learning is similar to blended learning, and it could play a critical role in developing the need for transformation. In this regards, transformation enhances the effectiveness of the adaptive learning process that could allow students to make different decisions about different things within a specific timeframe by following a particular path of learning. In addition to that, it has addressed that adaptive learning technology collects a variety of information about the student’s behaviour so as these students are able to answer different questions (Abdolmanafi-RokniandQarajeh, 2014). Therefore, the approach of transformation is focusing on the subsequently uses that information for providing the regular and instant feedback for implementation of adjustments in the learning experience as per the distinct requirements.
MaringeandOjo (2017)argued that the transformation process would offer some distinct educational tools that have influenced the adaptive SEQUENCE, and it would be found very useful for students. This is because it helps student for managing the continually analyse the data on a real-time basis that could have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the learning process. This system automatically adjusts the changes and determines what would become at next in a sequence. This approach has found very useful for altering the content as per the different skills set so as a teacher can evaluate the performance of a student in a different learning environment(MaringeandOjo, 2017). The study of Buttar (2016)has determined that another learning platform named the Osmosis, which was created by doctors in order to attain distinct requirements of doctors. This model has revolutionized the study process for medical students. In the process of transformation, this model offers new learning opportunities or evidence-based educational concepts that linked with different questions, flashcards, and videos along with images. This learning process is correlated with memory anchors so as adaptive learning has created the basis of spaced repetition along with the promotion of collaborative learning (Allen and Seaman, 2017). It has found it very useful for the gamification of the learning process. It has addressed that Osmosis is always focused on maximising the effectiveness of learning as well as the retention process. It plays a critical role in personalising the student's learning experience by capitalizing the student’s interest and engagement. As per the study of Gaševićand Dawson (2015), it has addressed the Gamification of learning and education practices is being termed as another area of transformation. It has been evaluated that playing and learning practices are collide with each other when classrooms are utilised as gaming, along with an instructional tool. Therefore, Gaming technologies have found very useful for increasing the learning difficulties, and it could play an essential role in making the learning process more exciting and interactive. As a result of technological advancement, gamification of leaning practices has played a significant role during the transformation process. It has resulted in an increment in the use of educational games in every discipline. Tyner (2014)have argued that these virtual games are offering a unique opportunity to apply new knowledge for making mission-critical decisions during the learning process. These games have found very useful in identifying different obstacles along with consideration of multiple perspectives while rehearsing various responses in different real-time conditions. This is because these games are designed to facilitate the immediate feedback in which students are intrinsically motivated for participating in different learning games so as gamification of learning practices is being addressed an essential element of the educational transformation process (Clark, Tanner-Smith and Killingsworth, 2016). The study of Henderson, Selwynand Aston (2017)has determined that new technology along with the new learning models are offering a wide range of exciting along with unthinkable possibilities for students, but the approach of transformation could help the student through constant IT support. In the context of current educational trends, it has found that educational institutions are continually focusing in order to adopt a wide range of digital transformation trends through the transformation process. The analysis of the current paradigm for technology has increased the role of the team-based learning approach. As student expectations increase, educational firms have to manage regular improvements in learning practices.
2.6 Evaluation of digital classrooms
The role of digital classrooms significantly enhanced during the digital transformation process in educational and learning practices. The study of Boss and Krauss (2014)has disclosed that the digital classroom offers the use of Mobile Learning and Social Media in order to create a social or learning group and community. It is termed an essential part of a digital classroom. These models of the digital classroom enable students for increasing their engagement in the learning process with their personal devices. In the context of digital classrooms, different tools such as tablets, laptops as well as smartphones have expanded the boundaries of the classroom and encouraged a stronger sense of community and group learning within a school or outside the school(Darling-Hammond, Zielezinskiand Goldman, 2014). Different technologies of digital classrooms support the student for establishing regular contact with peers and access their assignments and study material from all over the world through internet. For example, Social media applications like Yammer is offering a response along with a safe digital environment for educators. However, the study of Beard (2016)has stated that the digital classroom has embraced a Philosophy of Formative Assessment. This is because an appropriate formative assessment helps teachers in the creation of better gauge for their students with reference to the comprehension of class concepts. By combining leaning practices with digital solutions, struggling students are able to enhance understanding of different learning concepts along with improvements in grades. As per the investigation of Whitton (2014), the digital classroom has played a critical role in increasing the level of corporate communication with clarification of several facts in the learning process. This is because the digital classroom has gained significant success in encouraging the students in order to become more autonomous. It allows students to manage the greater self-regulation, and it would be termed a necessary tool that supports educators in order to communicate different goals of students and grading standards in a clear and appropriate manner. In addition to that, it has addressed that students could gain access to real-time feedback on different leaning assignments from tutors as a student are able to view their grades within seconds (Beavis and et al., 2014). Furthermore, digital classroom enables students in order to keep a systematic track of their own progress in order to meet the teacher’s standards during the learning process. With reference to the study of Wu, Chen and Huang (2014), digital classroom helps students and teacher for taking advantage of E-books and Digital Content. It has addressed that teachers have to consider the benefits of E-books and various online resources because the importance of internet-based learning is significantly enhanced for increasing the efficiency of learning material. The most significant benefit of digital learning seems as cost. This is because E-books and online texts have been addressed significantly cheaper than physical textbooks so as excess funds could be utilised in other resources. In addition to that, the digital reading list is regularly updated by teachers through the digital solution for facilitating the most relevant content for students. It includes information related to different online websites, and other resources that could provide accurate online information about a different subject and it would allow teachers for designing their own textbooks on different topics. It supports students in managing cooperative learning.
However, Lewis, Wheelerand Carter (2017)argued that digital learning has also increased the importance of Encourage Handwritten Notes. This is because there has been a positive correlation identified between learning through letters formulation and reading comprehension. In order to gain a greater understanding of the subject matter, students are able to construct different letters for improving better understanding about different study topic. The author has addressed that use teachers have embraced the usage of E-books in the learning process, but it does not mean that students should avoid handwritten notes. Digital classrooms are also offering new opportunities for Uploading Online Lectures about different topics. In this regards, the study of ChinapahandOdero (2016)has found that teachers should have to flip the classroom that could allow students in order to view the lecture portion of the lesson plan as per their schedule and availability of time. However, it helps the teacher for free up a large portion of class time, and the tutor could promote more collaborative work in the learning process. These changes are significantly influenced by the dynamic classroom so as the teacher-centred approach is shifted to student-centred. The investigation of Goldie (2016) has addressed that digital classrooms have increased the efficiency of the learning process by saving the time of classrooms. In this regards, the remaining timing of the classroom can be used to encourage brainstorming sessions. These sessions have found very useful for students through which students are able to increase their creativity and could express their ideas with full of confidence. Therefore, the open discourse enables educators for evaluating the efficiency of the student to determine the level of understanding of different educational concepts in order to avoid different weaknesses in the learning process (Smeda, Dakichand Sharda, 2014). Further investigation has determined that Interactive learning is addressed as an essential key for increasing the student’s engagement in the digital classroom. It allows the teacher and students for using a variety of technologies in collaborative ways so as these individuals could attain maximum efficiency in the overall learning process. As per the research of ChinapahandOdero (2016), it has found that diversification of projects is termed an essential element of digital classrooms. Therefore, the digital classroom is offering several benefits during the learning process because it allows educators to use new tactics and method apart from the traditional classroom. It has found that digital learning is seemed very useful for implementing new and fun teaching strategies. Instead of book reports, teachers have paid significant attention to a video summary. Instead of essays, the teacher could find real-time cases and learning cases(Beavis and et al., 2014). Digital natives are already familiar with these tools so as the teacher could gain significant success for making the classroom more engaging.
2.7 Role of information technology and artificial intelligence data in transformation within the education sector
According to ChinapahandOdero (2016), technology and artificial intelligence data play a vital role in the transformation of the education sector. In the context of the contemporary educational environment, there have several advancements identified during the tech-based educational services. It includes E-library, artificial intelligence-based learning, virtual classrooms and tab-based learning. All these tools are significantly influenced by the reliability of artificial intelligence. Further evaluation of role AI is being performed in two below-mentioned cases:
Case Study 1- Information technology influencing education transformation
Pros
The study of Goldie (2016) has determined different positive aspects of technological advancement in the educational sector. It has addressed IT promotes independent learning in students. The internet is termed as a treasure of information so as a student can assess a variety of information as per the distinct requirement. It is identified that electronic books and web-based content are updated in real-time so as the student could assess current information about the subject matter. The author further has determined that technology is the future, so as IT facilities in learning practices could emerge as an excellent tool for preparing the students for the future(Smeda, Dakichand Sharda, 2014). This is because if students are well-versed with the technology and wide range of innovative devices and they are considering a different tech-based solution for collaborating and communicate during the early learning stage, then these individuals would address fewer issues while dealing with different technologies. Therefore, appropriate knowledge of technology is found very useful for managing the completion and finding jobs in the future (Lewis, Wheelerand Carter, 2017). The study of ChinapahandOdero (2016)has determined that IT has great potential for lowering expenditures of students related to textbook and tuition prices. This is because if resources are accessible, then the educational sector would find a decrease in the cost. It is also possible that students would not need to buy a textbook because all books are converted into different digital format. The actual books could be addressed by students in the classroom, and these individuals could save the content of books on a student’s computer. Further study has determined that there would be significant reduction identified in tuition fee because all learning is done online, rather than inside the classroom (Beavis and et al., 2014). According to Whitton (2014), it has found that IT facilities allow a teacher in order to identify and create some new exciting tactics of individual learning for educating the students. Technology helps teacher for integrating a variety of content images, videos and other graphics along with learning website and application in order to create distinct lesions. All these tools and approaches have assisted teachers in creating an exciting learning environment and promoted an interest in education in general. As per the study of Boss and Krauss (2014), it has addressed that information technology also presents universal tools and various tech-based solutions that could enable the teachers in order to educate all types of students including those students who have some special needs. It contains voice recognition, translator, text-to-speech converter, volume control, word prediction software and various other tech-based solutions for attainment of learning goals.
Cons
Henderson, Selwynand Aston (2017)stated that every good thing comes with some negative implications. IT-based learning offers easy accessibility of a wide range of content. Therefore, students are likely to formulate some poor learning habits along with a lazy attitude for managing the different task in the learning process. Some students may even think that they could skip school because they would find the answers to all questions and lessons at different online source (Tyner, 2014). In some cases, these new tech-based systems can also lead to students forgetting the basics of studying. The investigation of Clark, Tanner-Smith and Killingsworth (2016) has stated that computers are identified as an invaluable educational tool, but it can also be termed as a source of several problems. This is especially true for those students who are not having appropriate skills about the device's functionalities. Technical problems and computer malfunctions could be termed as import causes of loss of assignments along with other saved data. It has resulted in high levels of stress among the students. Gaševićand Dawson (2015)argued that tech-based educational services could diminish the overall value of in-person education because a student is acquiring all types of learning material through different online sources. Therefore, it has addressed that online learning did not establish a direct link between teacher and students in the form of personal interaction that could have a significant impact on a student’s performance. It has increased the chances of failure and school dropouts.
Case Study 2- Behaviour or approach of facility and students perception of people/ attitude of people
According to Wu, Chen and Huang (2014), the behaviour and perception of students along with teacher could have a direct impact on their attitude towards the IT services in education. Therefore, the role and importance of learning technologies in learning practices are highly influenced by the perception of people. In this regards, some essential Pros and Cons are discussed below:
Pros
The study of Darling-Hammond, Zielezinskiand Goldman, (2014) has determined that a student or a teacher is having a positive perception for the usage of technologies during the learning process. These individuals are highly motivated for the adoption of the latest technologies during a variety of learning procedures. Therefore, positive attitude of students and teacher about learning with consideration of IT will offer great support in order to create a great learning environment where students are able to present their skills, knowledge and understanding of different topics and it would play a critical role in the creation of new learning opportunities (Allen and Seaman, 2017).
Cons
As per the research of Maringeand Ojo(2017), it has found that negative attitude of students and teachers over the usage of new learning technologies and methods have influenced people for avoiding the usage of a wide range of IT-based learning services. It could hamper the transformation process in educational settings. This is because both parties in the learning environment are not accepting new tactics and tools. Therefore, it can be stated that the transformation process in education is significantly influenced by the behaviour and attitude of people.
2.8 Summery
The literature review has played a critical role in enhancing the in-depth understanding and knowledge about several concepts and approaches about the subject matter. In this regards, this section has gained significant success in determining the current trends during the educational transformation. It has concluded that transformation in the education sector is essential for supporting future learning practices(MaringeandOjo, 2017). This part of the present has also discussed different tactics for managing the transformation within the educational setting, and it has addressed management of educational intuition has to consider several changes in learning methods, technologies and other aspects for the attainment of transformation goals. It has also determined the importance of transformation, along with the impact of digital classrooms during the learning process. This section has gained significant success in determining different corporate values and behavioural aspects for stimulating the involvement of tech-based services in learning practices.
CHAPTER 3: BODY OF THESIS
3.1 Introduction
The section is termed as an important part of every study through a researcher is able to stimulate or control whole investigation (Gioia, Corleyand Hamilton, 2013). This section determines a research framework with a combination of different tactics and strategies of systematic investigation. The study aims to explore success factors for managing transformation in an educational environment. As per the aim, the researcher has considered different tools and approaches of qualitative study because the aim of the present study is focused on investigating a wide range of research theories and approaches about the transformation in the learning process. As per the qualitative nature of the present study, the investigator has selected different research philosophies and approaches by conducting a detailed comparison and theoretical analysis of different terminologies as per the requirement of study goals (McCuskerand Gunaydin, 2015). By considering the research objectives, this section also presents a systematic evaluation of different sources of information in order to assess reliable information about the subject manner.By selecting different research tools and approaches with an appropriate manner, the researcher has gained significant success for assessing reliable study outcomes.
3.2 Research Philosophy
The research philosophy deals with source, nature and development of knowledge about the subject matter. In the case present study, there are mainly two types of research philosophies identified by the researcher, such as positivism and interpretivism. According to Scotland(2012), the Interpretivism research philosophy is being emerged as a great tool for managing the qualitative investigation. In this philosophy, the researcher can manage the study that requires in-depth investigation of technical data with consideration of a small sample. This type of study has paid some extra attention to secondary and theoretical data. On the contrary, the investigation of Latherand Elizabeth(2013) has paid significant attention to the positivism research philosophy that has supported investigator while managing the quantitative study. This philosophy has found very effective for analysing the statistical data along with various facts and figures about the subject matter. In the context of the present study where the researcher is focused on evaluating different factors of educational transformation process so as interpretivism philosophy is being selected by the researcher. This is because this philosophy is offering a flexible structure that has found very effective for performing the qualitative study. On the other hand, positivism research philosophy is not appropriate in the present study because it follows a highly structured approach that would provide relevant results in a quantitative study that is not required in the current study (Tuffordand Newman, 2012). This is because the present study has paid significant attention to various approaches and theories of digital learning and its implications on education.
3.3 Research Approach
As per the aim of the present study, the researcher has considered use inductive approach. The main reason for selecting this approach is that it has enabled the researcher to obtain a precise amount of understanding and knowledge about the subject matter and also analyse the data in an efficient and effective manner. As per the study of Tonge (2012), an inductive approach is offering greats support for dealing different aspects related to interpretivism researcher has analysed different data sets along with information as per the aim and objectives of the study that plays a critical role for presenting appropriate research finding. In addition to that, inductive research has found very effective for assessing more insights about current trends in technology in the education section and its implications on the improvement in educational services. This tool has provided significant assistance to the investigator for examining view and information about the importance of different elements of education transformation. On the other hand, Anderson and Shattuck (2012) have stated that the deductive research approach is not suitable for performing the qualitative study. This is because it provides relevant results when systematic research is performed with reference to a wide range of statistical data and figures.
3.4 Data Collection
The process of data collection holds special importance in a research methodology. A researcher must carry out this process in a proper manner. Any mistake can have a significant negative impact on the whole research process. Data collection, as the name suggests, is the process through which a researcher collects data relating to the research topic. Gioia, Corley and Hamilton (2013) stated in their study that if this process is properly carried out, then it can lay down the foundation for an effective and successful research study. The process of data collection, if properly carried out, results in effective conduct of the research study and the attainment of aim and objectives of the study. There are two main methods of data collection – primary and secondary. Primary data is the data which is collected for the first time. It is fresh because no one else has collected and used it before. While on the other hand, secondary data is the data which has been used by other researchers in their studies. In the current paper, both these sources have been used (Tuohy, Murphy and Sixsmith, 2013). Through primary data, the researcher has explored the topic in a meaningful manner, while secondary data proved to be useful in terms of understanding the research topic thoroughly. Primary data, in this study, were collected through a questionnaire survey. Herein the target participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire which consisted of various questions related to the subject matter. The main reason for selecting this method was that it is an efficient method that enables the researcher to obtain and understand the viewpoints of the participants in a better manner (Jamshed, 2014). Although it is not a participative and engaging approach like an interview, it helps the researcher to understand the viewpoints of the participants in a better and effective manner. The current study also used secondary data. It is a very effective method through which the researcher can develop a sound theoretical knowledge about the subject matter. The main reason for using secondary data in this study was because a lot of studies in the past about the research topic have been carried out. Thus, by collecting such data, the researcher was able to understand different aspects of the topic and also explore them in a thorough manner. According to Tuohy, Murphy and Sixsmith (2013) and Kumar (2019), secondary data also informs understanding of the readers, thereby making the research study more effective and useful.
3.5 Sampling
Sampling is termed an appropriate process through which a researcher is able to select a most appropriate sample in order to generate appropriate result so as optimum results have been produced as per the aim and objectives of the study. In this context of present study, researcher has to determine different aspect of transformation in education environment along with their implications on learning practices. In this regards, investigator has selected purposive sampling approach. Latherand Elizabeth(2013) argued that purposive sampling is playing critical role for paying special attention to the particular group of individuals who are having appropriate knowledge and understanding about the different aspects of topic of research. Therefore, the approach of purposive sampling is found most reliable approach for increasing the reliability of study of outcomes. This is because respondents are having an extensive understanding of the transformation in educational setting and its impact on learning practices of teachers (McCuskerand Gunaydin, 2015). On the other hand, the random sampling approach is not identified an appropriate tool in the case of present investigation because it offers great results when the size of targeted population is very large. The study of Tuohy, Murphy and Sixsmith (2013) has recorded that the approach of random sampling provides great results when population size is very large, and researchers need to present general research. In the context of purposive sampling, researcher has targeted teachers and students for assessing primary data. Therefore, a sample size of 20 teachers and 50 school students has been taken for assessing the responses about the subject matter.
3.6 Data analysis
In the context of the present investigation, researcher has focused on the primary and secondary sources of information. Therefore, a systematic survey was performed among students and teachers for assessing their views about the current trends in transformation in learning methodology and educational systems. In this regards, researcher has considered thematic analysis for evaluating the responses of participants about the subject matter (Gioia, (Corleyand Hamilton, 2013). As per the aim and objectives of present study, thematic analysis has been addressed as most appropriate mixed method for analysing the qualitative and quantitative data. This approach seems a great tool for evaluating a range of information which has been gained through questionnaire. This tactic of data analysis helps researcher for producing appropriate research findings of the transformation in educational environment (Tuffordand Newman, 2012).
3.7 Limitation of the present investigation
The present investigation is aimed to explore success factors for managing transformation in an educational environment. In this regards, the investigator has considered an appropriate research methodology. However, researcher has considered questionnaire for conducting a systematic survey for assessing appropriate information about subject. In this process, researcher has not taken any kind of face to face interview of responses to gain in-depth understanding about transformation in education system along with its success factors that have limited the effectiveness of findings of present study (Jamshed, 2014). The present investigation has paid significant attention to some critical variables while assessing secondary data collection however it has not seemed possible for researcher for covering all elements in primary data collection process. This is because researcher has developed short questionnaire that could be understood by responses in quick and appropriate manner. Therefore, avoidance some critical terminologies about subject has limited the effectiveness of study outcomes.
3.8 Summery
As per the above analysis of different terminologies of research methodology, it has found that the efficiency of a study is highly correlated with research methodology. As per the nature of the present investigation, investigator has considered qualitative methodology that has supported researcher for generating a range of theoretical data to meet study objectives. It has addressed consideration of both primary and secondary information about the subject matter has enhanced reliability of findings of present study.
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction
This section assists the researcher for analysing responses of different individual or participants with reference to aim and objective of present investigation. This report is focused to analyse the key success factors of transformation in education settings. For assessing primary and secondary data, the present study has considered different tools of data collection such as books, journals, online and articles and questionnaire. This section performs thematic analysis for analysing the responses of different participants that include teachers and students (Tereliansky and et al., 2019). For determining different success factors of educational transformation through primary data, researcher has taken a sample of 20 teachers and 50 students. Furthermore, thematic analysis has created different themes with reference to research objectives and questions of questionnaire for analysing the responses of participants.
4.2 Thematic analysis: Response of Teachers
Theme 1: Transformation in the educational environment is essential.
The above chart is showing the response of teachers when they were asked about the need for transformation in educational environment. In this regards, researcher has addressed that majority 12 out of 20 teachers, and 5 out of 20 teachers have selected the option of strongly agreed and agreed respectively. On the other hand, only 3 respondents have selected the option of neutral, disagreed and strongly disagreed. Therefore, it has addressed that the transformation in educational environment plays critical role in increasing the effectiveness of education and other learning tactics. As per the responses of teacher, it can be stated that every educational insinuation and an individual learner should have to adopt latest technologies and learning tools for assessing new skills and in-depth understanding about different areas of formal and informal learning activities. As per the above findings, it can be stated that transformation in educational system is termed as most important element of contemporary learning practices (Waks, 2015)
Theme 2: Self-managed learning is an important part transformation in the educational environment.
As per the above chart, it has addressed that maximum 10 out of 20 participants had selected the option of strongly agreed when they were asked the impact on of transformation in the educational environment, and its relationship with self-managed learning. In this context, 5 out of 20 participants have selected the option of Agreed. However, 4 out of 20 participants have opposed the arguments by selecting the options of disagreed and strongly agreed. Therefore, it can be stated that self-managed learning practices are playing critical role in the context contemporary learning practices. As per the responses of teacher, it has addressed transformation in educational system creates basis of wide range of learning an educational platforms so as students and other professionals are able to perform their learning and additional skills advancement practices for attainment of learning goals (Pearce, 2019). Therefore, it has identified that transformation in educational environment encourages people for managing their learning practices as per the requirement that is termed as self-managed learning. The study of Behanand et al. (2015) has also supported the findings of present investigation in which it has found that the demand of additional skills and knowledge has significantly enhanced in current corporate environment so as self-managed learning supports professional for improving their skills and knowledge for attainment of professional growth. In addition to that self managed learning is also enhanced the effectiveness of normal learning practices among students.
Theme 3: The most important driver of transformation in the educational system
The above chart has determined the most important driver of transformation in education system. In this regards, researcher has addressed mixed responses when participants were asked about the most important driver of transformation in educational system. In the context of present investigation, maximum 7 out of 20 teachers have determined that transformation encourages educational institutions for increasing the skills and efficiency of teachers that could have direct on teaching tactics and learning process within an educational institution. In this regards, 5 out of 20 participants have selected the option of improvement in learning tactics. By improving the learning tactics and learning procedures, educational institutions are able to influence transformation in educational institutions. Furthermore, 4 out of 20 participants have considered the promotion of self-managed learning is also playing critical role in encouraging advancement in educational settings. This is because self-managed learning is being addressed as important element of self-managed learning activities. In the end, remaining 4 teachers have considered the option of Change in Curriculum. In this context, teachers have stated that educational setting has to manage improvement in study curriculum and content of different subjects that are must be linked with rules and regulations of government agencies for attainment of different objectives of transformation (GitelmaandTretyakov, 2015). Therefore, an educational setting can transform its operations with the help of several factors.
Theme 4: Information communication technologies have played a critical role in influencing advancement in educational system.
The above diagram is showing the responses of participants about the importance of Information communication technologies for influencing advancement in the educational system. In this regards, 15 out of 20 participants have strongly supported the above argument, and 3 out of 20 teachers have selected the option of agreed. On the other hand, only 2 individuals have opposed the arguments by selecting the option of neutral and disagreed. These responses have determined that the efficiency of educational advancement process is significantly influenced by information communication technologies. This is because information communication technologies are offering several tools and tactics for increasing the effectiveness of learning procedures. It includes artificial intelligence, virtual classes, online learning, digital education, cloud-based learning and many more (Lund and Eriksen, 2016). It has addressed that wide range of digital technologies has played critical role in encouraging the effectiveness and reliability of learning practices. These technologies have provided significant assistance to educational institutions for managing a variety of educational content in the form of educational videos, simulation games, online learning and artificial intelligence. It has addressed that digital technologies have enhanced the accessibility of educational content from different computer-based devices through internet.
Theme 5: Most important technologies of transformation in educational settings that support teachers in teaching practices.
The above chart is showing the response of teachers when they were asked about the most important technologies during the educational transformation process that could enhance the effectiveness of overall teaching tactics. In this context, maximum 6 out of 20 participants have selected the option of Continuous Monitoring of Students as most important outcome of application of digital technologies in educational setting. In this regards, teacher has accepted wide range of information and communication technologies have enhanced interaction with students with reference to online assignments, cloud-based reporting system and many more. All these tools support teachers for keeping a systematic track for student performance. After that the option of increased involvement of students in learning practices has been selected by 5 participants. Furthermore, 5 out of 20 teachers have considered the option of virtual learning with real-life experience as the most critical outcome of technological advancement in educational insinuations. However, the option of simulation games has been considered by only 4 participants. Therefore, it can be stated that technology controls several factors of learning practices within an educational institution. As per the responses of teachers, it has addressed that technologies support learning procedures within educational settings for increasing the effectiveness of learning methods.
Theme 6: Digital classrooms have addressed as an important element of digital transformation in education
The above pie chart had addressed the responses of teachers in which the majority of participants had selected the options of agreed and strongly agreed respectively by 7 and 10 when they were asked about the digital classroom in the context of transformation in educational sector. The study of Smeda, Dakichand Shard (2014) has addressed that digital classrooms are playing critical role in increasing the efficiency of the learning process by reducing the wastage of time of classrooms. However, different teachers have stated that the remaining timing of the classroom is used by teachers for encouraging the brainstorming sessions. These sessions have found very useful for students through which students are able to influence their creativity and could express their ideas with full of confidence. Apart from that the open discourse has enabled the educators for analysing the efficiency of the student for determining the level of understanding about wide range of educational concepts in order to avoid different weaknesses in the learning process. Further investigation has determined that Interactive learning is addressed as an essential key for increasing the student’s involvement in the digital classroom that could enhance the effectiveness of overall learning methodologies (Buttar, 2016). It allows the teacher and students for using a variety of technologies in collaborative ways so as these individuals could attain maximum efficiency in the overall learning process.
4.3 Thematic analysis: Response of Students
Theme 1: Application of computer technologies in learning practices has increased the learning quality.
Various past studies have highlighted that using the latest technologies and tools is one of the best ways to provide effective teaching and learning experience to the students. It is much more interactive and engaging which helps in attracting the attention of the students, thereby improving their learning process by a great margin (Tondeur and et al., 2016). During the current study it was observed that many students and teachers had claimed a significant improvement in the learning practices by using the latest available computer technologies. One of the main reasons is the fact that it makes learning a lot more enjoyable experience for the students.
Some of the researchers and experts have stated that by using such technologies, a lot of burden from the teachers is removed. This way, they are able to pay more attention to the students. Such increment in attention from the teachers means that students can ask them a lot more questions, thereby expanding their understanding even more. Moreover, such attention also enables the teachers to be proactive and take active measures through which the students can learn even more and improve their learning in a significant manner (Dar and Masood, 2018). In this research it was observed that the past literature had shown a major improvement in learning practice and experience among the students by using the latest computer technologies.
During the study, 35 students replied that using computers and other such latest technologies has improved their learning process by a great margin. They find it simple, engaging and effective way to learn different subjects. Ten students ‘agreed’ with this and further stated that the use of computer technologies had made study fun for them, thereby increasing their interest. All these help in improving learning ability as well as learning practice among the students. Only a handful of students were in disagreement with this statement, as two students disagreed and 2 strongly disagreed, while one student was neutral.
Theme 2: Advancement in the educational system is essential in 21st century.
While conducting this study, it was found that there is a need for the current day education system to be updated its processes and use the latest technologies. It can be the most effective way for the educational institutes, teachers, authorities and the students. This is mainly due to reason that the students will get an opportunity to use the latest computers and other such forms of technology, thereby enabling them to improve their learning experience by a great margin (Bala, 2018). The modern-day technologies are developing and being updated at a very rapid pace. A very effective way of improving the learning experience of the students is by making latest technologies easily accessible and available to them. During this research, it was found that many past researchers and experts have deemed updating technologies used by schools and educational institutes to be on the top priority. They believe it is essential to undertake such a task so that the students can have an opportunity to improve their future and learn such skills that can be of great benefit to them as well as the society.
40 students replied technological advancements should be implemented in the education industry. Taking such a step will provide them with a better environment, which will boost their learning experience. By using the latest technologies, they can learn various such skills which can be useful for them in their career later. 8 students agreed that advancements in education are essential in the 21st century. Learning by using outdated and old methods can be counter-productive for the students. It would not attract their interest, due to which their engagement levels will be very low. One student disagreed, while one student strongly disagreed. This could be because they still believe the old education system is more effective and helps them to learn skills that are more relevant and pervasive.
Theme 3: Digital learning techniques help students for assessing a variety of study material from different devices any ware and any time.
The modern world is a digitally connected environment. Almost every activity and task are being performed through computers and the internet. There have been so many technological developments in the field of education, that the learning process is carried out through the internet. Due to this reason, it can be said that internet and other such digital mediums are now at the heart of any educational system (Huang and Price, 2016). While carrying out the research work, it was found that students nowadays use their laptops, personal computers and even mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to access their course materials and study from any place at any point of time. Furthermore, the digital revolution has resulted in the development of various websites and companies that offer to learn in different subjects through the internet. Some are free of cost, while some charge (HolmboeandBatalden, 2015). However, the use of such digital mediums has made it simpler for the students to gain access to knowledge and information about a particular topic or issue. This easy accessibility to course and study materials has simplified the learning process for the students.
The vast majority of the students were in agreement and replied that digital technologies have not only simplified their learning process, but it has made this process far more effective as well. 17 students agreed and replied that digital learning techniques have improved the accessibility to different types of study materials. They can access their course materials from any device and from anywhere. 15 students strongly agreed. On this basis, it can be said that the use of digital technologies has made learning and education more accessible for the students. They can access their coursework through their mobiles, computer or any other such device that can be connected over the internet. There were some students who showed disagreement here.
Theme 4: Digital classroom supports students in the learning process.
While studying and analysing the secondary data it was observed that majority of the students prefer to use the latest available tools and technologies to learn about different subjects and particular topics. Due to the number of developments happening in this industry, digital classroom has almost become a norm in the modern-day education system. Many authors and experts believe that in the future all learning and teaching would be done through such digital mediums only. One of the biggest reasons for such popularity and effectiveness of the digital classrooms is that they provide a great amount of flexibility to the students (Psaltis, CarreteroandČehajić-Clancy, 2017). They can learn at their own pace and can even go through the same lesson multiple times in order to better understand the subject or solve their query. This gives a major boost to the learning process as well as confidence level of the students, motivating them to learn more.
15 students stated that virtual learning is the best way to support the learning process, while 12 students replied video learning to be an effective technology that can support the learning process. 14 students replied in favour of simulation games, while 9 preferred online learning. On basis of these results it can be said that the best way of educational institutes, teachers and authorities to support learning among students is by using the latest available technologies. These can provide the students with an unprecedented amount of access to different types of information about their subjects or a particular topic. By using such technologies, the students can be engaged in the learning, thereby supporting and improving the process by a significant margin.
Theme 5: Transformation in the educational system offers student for better learning opportunities
In recent some years, there have been major changes and transformations in the world of education and education systems. With the arrival of latest technologies, the education system, as well as the learning process, has changed significantly. Students are now in control of learning, and they can do this at their own pace (Churchillm, 2018). Further they have the freedom to undergo or read through or practice particular topic(s) multiple times to get better at it, without troubling the teacher and other students. This transformation also has promoted the use of self-managed learning among students to a significant extent.
18 students replied that due to the transformation in the education system, they can easily apply new learning methods. This way, they can experiment effectively with the learning process and identify and select the method that best suits their needs and requirements. 14 students replied and stated that the transformation has helped in improving the quality of learning materials by a significant margin. Now they have access to better materials, and if they are not satisfied with it, they can search for relevant topics on the internet and learn from there as well. Ten students replied this transformation has helped in encouraging them to use self-managed learning approaches, while eight students replied in favour of group learning.
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summery
The present is aimed to explore success factors for managing transformation in an educational environment. With reference to research aim, the researcher has categorised the aim in three objectives. In this regards, the first objective has focused to evaluate transformation in educational settings. As per the analysis of primary and secondary data, it has addressed that transformation in the educational environment seems as great tool for attaining learning goals with reference to future learning requirement (Maringeand Ojo, 2017). Further investigation has determined that transformation in educational settings has offered great support to learner in order to promote self-managed learning by influencing the motivation level student for taking responsibility and ownership for managing their own learning goals and other educational practices for attainment of learning objectives. In this regards, the study of Boss and Krauss (2014) has supported the argument in which author has stated that the role of the teacher is significantly enhanced in active learning because a teacher supports a student in the creation of the learning environment in the process of transformation process. In the context of the current educational environment, the importance of participatory learning is significantly enhanced in which the present study has found that an efficient learning environment offers sufficient opportunities to the student for management relationship with peers, teachers and other people in the community. However, Clark, Tanner-Smith and Killingsworth (2016) argued that different technologies are playing critical role for influencing the effectiveness of overall social relationships in the process of educational transformation. The present study has also addressed the increased role of digital technologies for ensuring the success in transformation process. The present study has found that school leadership has to create a range of curriculum standards with reference to government policies for handling various subjects and disciplines. However, these policies assist teacher for facilitating the student’s new opportunities in order to acquire critical knowledge along with skill for meeting the requirements of education in the 21st century. With reference to the study aim, another objective is linked to determine the importance of transformation in the educational environment. There have been several benefits identified in the educational transformation process (Allen and Seaman, 2017). As per the analysis of wide range of information, this present investigation has found that transformation in educational institution influences information literacy that helps students for understanding the world with the help of a new way of individual thinking. Therefore, information literacy is being termed as most important element of the transformation process.
The findings of Darling-Hammond, Zielezinskiand Goldman, (2014) have determined that the transformation of the educational environment has developed a new era of self-managed learning in which individual learners would find significant increment in their productivity at the workplace with reference to current industry trends. This investigation has addressed that transformation offers various tech-based solutions that include virtual classrooms, simulation games, online videos and real or practical experiments along with social media groups so as students are able to assess the in-depth understanding about the subject matter. Therefore, transformation encourages the students for availing high-value skills and expertise for handling different critical tasks in its job operations (Tyner, 2014). By focusing the outcomes of present study, it has addressed that different internet-based learning options have been addressed a very low-cost option of self-managed learning through which an individual can handle different tasks related to self-managed learning and skills development activities. The third objective of the present investigation was aimed to identify critical success factors for the successful application of transformation in the education system. In this regards, the present study has addressed that the success of transformation is significantly influenced by the augmented, virtual and mixed reality that has been termed as an essential part of transformative technology. The present study has found that success of transformation in education system has played a critical role for enhancing the effectiveness of teacher’s instruction and increasing the level of fun and engagement among the student with an appropriate manner. As per the study of Siemens, Gaševićand Dawson (2015), it has found that virtual reality has gained significant capabilities for bringing the outside world in the small classroom. Therefore, it has addressed that the idea of combining different technologies is mainly correlated with current educational trends. In addition to that, the present study has addressed that the approach of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) has played critical role in increasing the effectiveness of transformation process. The research of Wu, Chen and Huang (2014) has supported the findings of present investigation in which researcher has addressed that technology helps teacher for managing an appropriate integration of a variety of content images, videos and other graphics for creating distinct lesions. All these tools and approaches have assisted teachers in creation of highly efficient and exciting learning environment. The study of Wu, Chen and Huang (2014) has also addressed that technology advancement is essential for managing the educational transformation, but it could increase expenditure of educational institution. This is because different technologies, such as digital classrooms have seen very expensive for small institutions.
5.2 Conclusion
As per the above assessment, this study has concluded that the need for transformation in educational setting is significantly enhanced. This is because different educational insinuations have to implement several new technologies and learning approaches in the teaching practices for preparing the students for the future. The present has evaluated that the importance of transformation in teaching and education process is enhanced in current educational trends learning practices have shifted from teacher-centred didactic approach to student-centred learning approach (Darling-Hammond, Zielezinskiand Goldman, 2014). In this process, learning can be managed at any time, anywhere and anyplace by applying different kinds of tech-based solutions. The present study has also concluded that transformation in the educational setting is not only linked with technological advancement, but it requires several modifications in education organisation for transforming a highly efficient learning environment. These modifications must be related to advancement in skills and knowledge of teachers, promotion of self-managed learning, creation of learning groups, application of new curriculum, application of latest technologies and digital classrooms and others. For encouraging the transformation, the present study has concluded that the educational transformation creates the basis for the blended learning process. The present investigation has addressed that mixed learning process is offering more responsibility to the student because it involves less direction from the teacher (Whitton, 2014). Furthermore, it has addressed that transformation learning assists educational institutions for paying special attention to the discovery-based methods in the individual learning so as blended learning seems an as important example of how students would be able to control some important elements of personal learning by making decisions about the learning process as well as appropriate content. The present investigation has also concluded that adaptive learning is similar to blended learning that encourages the need for transformation. Further investigation about the current trends in educational transformation process has found that digital classroom has gained significant success for motivating the students for becoming more autonomous because new technologies or digital classrooms allow students to manage the greater self-regulation (Tyner, 2014). However, the importance of digital classroom learning is significantly enhanced because it supports educators for communicating the different learning goals to students and grading standards in a clear and appropriate manner. In addition to that, it has addressed that students could find real-time feedback with reference to guidelines of different leaning assignments from tutors (Allen and Seaman, 2017). Therefore, students are able to understand their grades within seconds because digital classroom enables students to maintain the appropriate record of their own progress in attainment of teacher’s standards during the learning process. This investigation has stated that digital classroom helps students and teacher for taking advantage of E-books and Digital Content so as they can influence efficiency of learning material. The present study has concluded that an appropriate research methodology plays a critical role in influencing the effectiveness of study outcomes. Therefore, investigator has considered different methodologies with reference to qualitative investigation for performing the theoretical investigation. In the present investigation, researcher has considered both primary and secondary sources of information and these sources of information has found very effective for increasing the reliability of findings of present investigation. In this regards, secondary sources of information have offered great support to researcher by offering in-depth understanding about different factors and terminology related to transformation in educational system (Siemens, Gaševićand Dawson, 2015). In similar way, consideration of responses from teachers and students through questionnaire has enhanced the reliability of data because responses of different participants have provided the appropriate information about the effectiveness of educational transformation.
Overall, it has concluded that the effectiveness of educational transformation can be tracked by considering the several success factors such as growth of participative learning, increment in skills and efficiency of teachers, application of different information communication technologies, easy access to educational content, linking different learning practices with demand of corporate, application of digital classrooms, increment in group learning, increment in social engagement among students and various others. All these factors have played a critical role in increasing the importance of transformation in educational settings.
5.3 Recommendations
The present has focused on exploring different success factors for educational transformation. The topic of the present study has termed as a very broad area so as researcher could perform further research on small areas of educational transformation such as technology, impact on students and many more so as researcher could gain more clear data and information about the subject matter. In the present investigation, researcher has paid extra attention to secondary data for performing literature review because investigator wants to cover wide range of concepts and terminologies associated with educational transformation so as investigator need to pay some extra attention to primary data for performing future studies for presenting some new ideas. As per the findings of present study, researcher should carry out more studies for assessing the role of educational transformation for managing the professional development plans.
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