Referencing and Style Guide

Included in this guide are the referencing and style guides to be used when creating materials for courses. The three sections include:

General Referencing/Citations (in-text citation and reference lists) – uses IEEE referencing standards

General Mathematics – uses IEEE style guide

Abbreviations for Units – uses IEEE style guide

The following guide is based on the IEEE Editorial Style Manual [1]. The manual is also available on the IEEE website. General Referencing/Citations The IEEE citation style is used primarily for electronics, engineering, telecommunications, computer science, and information technology reports. The three main parts of a reference are as follows:

Author’s name listed as first initial of first name, then full last.

Title of article, patent, conference paper, etc., in quotation marks.

Title of journal or book in italics.

In-text Citations

Each citation must be noted within the text through the use of simple sequential numbers. A number enclosed in square brackets, placed in the text of the report, indicates the specific reference. Citations are numbered in the order in which they appear. Once a source has been cited, the same number is used in all subsequent references in the report. No. distinction is made between electronic and print sources, except in the citation reference details (section 1.2).

Style guide to follow:

Each reference number should be enclosed in square brackets on the same line as the text, before any punctuation, with a space before the bracket.

Authors and dates do not have to be written out after the first reference; use the bracketed number. Also, it is not necessary to write “in reference [2].” Just write “in [2].”

Examples:

“The theory was first put forward in 1987 [1].”

“Scholtz [2] has argued. . . .”

“For example, see [7].”

“Several recent studies [3, 4, 15, 22] have suggested that. . . .”

• The preferred method to cite more than one source at a time is to list each reference in its own brackets, then separate with a comma or dash:

Examples:

[1], [3], [5]

[1] – [5]

1.2 Reference Lists

To finish citing sources, a numbered list of references must be provided. The list is comprised of the sequential enumerated citations, with details, beginning with [1], and is not alphabetical.

The following examples demonstrate the format for a variety of electronic and print sources. Please note the list is not extensive; only the most common are listed below.

1.2.1 Print Documents

• Books

Author First Initial. Author Surname, Title, #th ed. City, Country: Publisher, Year Published, pp. #- #.

Use et. al. when more than three authors.

Example:

[1] R. Brookes, Study Guide Little Bird. Adelaide: State Ed, 2014, pp. 5-17.

[2] R. Hayes, G. Pisano, and S. Wheelwright, “Introduction to Operations,” in Operations, Strategy, and Technical Knowledge, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007, pp. 1-2

[3] Council of Biology Editors, Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 6th ed., UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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• Standards

Title, Standard Number, Year

Example:

[4] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.

Journal Articles/Periodicals

Author First Initial. Author Surname, “Title,” Abbrev. Journal Title, vol. #, no. #, pp. #-#, Abbrev. Month, Year.

Example:

[5] J. Attapangittya, “Social Studies in Gibberish,” Quarterly Review of Doublespeak, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 9-10, Dec. 2003.

1.2.2 Electronic Documents

• eBooks or PDF

Author First Initial. Author Surname, Title, # ed. City: Publisher, Year Published. [Online].

Available: URL.

Example:

[6] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [Online]. Available: URL.

[7] The Terahertz Wave eBook. ZOmega Terahertz Corp., 2014. [Online]. Available: https://dl.zthz.com/eBook/zomega_ebook_pdf_1206_sr.pdf. Accessed on: May 19, 2014.

ournal Articles/Periodicals

Author First Initial. Author Surname, “Title,” Abbrev. Journal Title, vol. #, no. #, pp. #-#, Month, Year. Accessed on: Abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Online]. Available: URL.

Example:

[8] W. P. Risk, G. S. Kino, and H. J. Shaw, “Fiber-optic frequency shifter using a surface acoustic wave incident at an oblique angle,” Opt. Lett., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 115–117, Feb. 1986. [Online]. Available: https://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-11-2-115

• Online image

Author First Initial. Author Surname, “Title,” Long Date. [Online]. Available: URL. [Accessed Long

Example: [9] “Humans of New York,” 2014. [Online]. Available:

https://www.facebook.com/humansofnewyork/photos/a.102107073196735.4429.10209991653 0784/711388968935206/?type=3&theater. [Access Jan. 14, 2018].